Chapter 2 Flashcards
What is respiration?
The exchange of gas between and organism and its environment
Inspiration
Taking in O2
Expiration
Letting out CO2
Where does gas exchange happen?
Alveoli of the lungs
Boyle’s law
P=F/A - as the volume increases the air pressure decreases
Boyles law is an inverse relationship T or F?
True
What part of the spine is the most important for speech and hearing?
Cervical Spine
How many vertebrae are on the cervical spine?
7
How many vertebrae are on the thoracic spine?
12
How many vertebrae are on the lumbar spine?
5
How many vertebrae are on the sacrum
5 fused
How many vertebrae are on the coccyx?
4 fused
What bone is the rib cage hanging off of?
Sternum
What are the 2 main divisions of the respiratory system?
Upper respiratory tract & lower respiratory tract
What is apart of the upper respiratory tract?
Nose, nasal cavities, sinuses, pharynx, larynx (above the vocal folds)
What is apart of the lower respiratory tract?
Larynx (below vocal folds), trachea bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli
Is pneumonia an upper or lower respiratory tract infection?
Lower
What is the most important muscle for inspiration and expiration? Aka the main muscle of respiration
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Muscle shaped like a parachute tucked under the rids
Sternocleidomastoid
Scalenes
External intercostals
Quiet breathing
Active breathing
Muscles of inspiration
Muscles of expiration
What is the respiratory rate for an average adult?
12-18 breaths per min
Quadrants of the right lung
Superior, middle, inferior
Quadrants of the left lung
Superior, inferior
Inspiration& diaphragm
Diaphragm contracts (goes down)
Expiration & diaphragm
Diaphragm relaxes (goes up)
Pleural lining
The thin lining surrounding the lungs that is meant for protection and connection
Thorax
Area of the body between the neck and abdomen
What muscle is the diaphragm made of?
Internal skeletal muscle
Where is the diaphragm and what does it separate?
It extends across the bottom of the thoracic cavity. It separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity
How many holes are in the diaphragm?
3
What are the names of the holes in the diaphragm?
Vena cava, esophagus, aorta
What do the abdominal and back muscles aid us in?
Breathing under high demand
Asthma
A chronic condition characterized by the construction of bronchioles often in reaction to a trigger
Bronchitis
Inflammation of the lining of the bronchioles
Emphysema
Deterioration of the alveoli, causing lungs to lose their elasticity
Pneumonia
Condition in which the alveoli become filled with fluid, preventing the exchange of gases
Lung cancer
irregular and uncontrolled growth of tumors in the lung tissue
Cystic fibrosis
A genetic defect that causes excessive mucus production that clogs the airways
TB
A bacterial infection of the lung
Black lung
Man-made occupational lung diseases that are contracted by prolonged breathing of coal mine dust
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease- a group of diseases that cause airflow blockage and breathing related problems (emphysema and chronic bronchitis)
BPD
Bronco-pulmonary Dysplasia- chronic lung disease in infants- common with premature newborns who need lung support (the branches of the lungs are putting strain on the heart)
Laryngitis
Small fibers and particles deposited into the nose, pharynx, and larynx absorbed by the upper respiratory tract resulting in swelling (edema) of the voice box
Interstitial Disease
Small fibers and particles deposited into the terminal bronchioles (in the lungs)
Respiratory therapist
Provides inhalation treatments, ventilation, oxygenation, all things lung health
How do the respiratory therapist and SLP work together?
Together they facilitate adequate ventilation or oxygenation and establish a route for verbal communication (we need the respiratory system to be okay before we can work on it as an SLP)
Successful collaboration on breathing and swallowing
SLP’s and respiratory therapists work together to help patients with conditions such as pneumonia and tracheostomies because if our lungs are no okay they will forget about eating and speaking
What experience does the RT have and what does the SLP have?
RT: cardiopulmonary & SLP: neurological
What produces speech?
The lungs expelling air (air flow)
What determines the power of the vocal sounds?
The contractions of the diaphragm
Conditions with poor breath support to sustain speech
Hypotonic Cerebral palsy, ALS, Dysarthria
What do adults with COPD, asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema often develop?
Speech and swallowing disorders
