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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Biological function of respiration

A

gas exchange

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2
Q

Secondary function of respiration

A

energy source for the production of speech

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3
Q

Quiet and forced are parts of?

A

Inspiration

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4
Q

Passive and active are parts of?

A

Expiration

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5
Q

Quiet inspiration

A

Inspiration that involves minimal muscular activity, primarily that of the diaphragm (diaphragm is not stressed)

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6
Q

Forced inspiration

A

Purposeful use of the muscles of inspiration to inhale more deeply (active contraction of the diaphragm)

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7
Q

Passive expiration

A

Elasticity of muscles restored to the system to neural following inspiration (impacted by gravity)

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8
Q

Active expiration

A

Use muscular effort to expel more air (active contraction of abdominals)

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9
Q

Characteristics of respiration in infants

A

Lungs completely fill the thorax, no residual volume, 25 million alveoli, 40-60 breath cycles per minute

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10
Q

Characteristics of respiration in adults

A

Lungs stretch out to fill the thorax, residual volume, 300 million alveoli, 12-18 breath cycles per minute

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11
Q

How much mL of air do adults fill up per cycle? How much does exercise require?

A

500 mL (can fill a pint glass) and 20x quiet breathing for exercise

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of respiataion?

A

Ventilation, diffusion, perfusion

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13
Q

Ventilation

A

Movement of air in the respiratory pathway (flow of air in and out)

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14
Q

Diffusion

A

Pushing gas or air through the alveolar capillary membrane (alveoli and particles in and out)

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15
Q

Perfusion

A

Migration of gas though a barrier at the level of cell and tissue (blood flow out to the rest of the body)

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16
Q

Spirometer

A

Measures volume of air that is displaced (cc)

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17
Q

Manometer

A

Measures pressure (cm/H20)

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18
Q

Atmospheric pressure

A

Pressure arising from force of gravity on air molecules of atmosphere

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19
Q

Intraoral pressure

A

Pressure within the mouth (intra-oral and subglottal are same if vocal folds are open)

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20
Q

Sub glottal pressure

A

Pressure below level of vocal folds (trachea) - the glottis which is the area in between the vocal folds needs to be closed if we want good sub glottal pressure)

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21
Q

Intrapleural pressure

A

Pressure between visceral (lung) and costal (rib) pleurae

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22
Q

Pulmonic pressure

A

Pressure within the lungs and specifically in the alveoli

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23
Q

If the who respiratory passageway is open and at rest (unrestricted) than….?

A

Atmospheric pressure = intraoral pressure = subglottal pressure = alveolar pressure

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24
Q

What happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the diaphran contracts which pulls down and creates more space in the chest/abdoment?

A

Pressure decreases

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25
Q

What happens to the pressure inside the lungs when the abdominals reduce the space and the diaphragm relaxes and goes up reducing the space of the lungs?

A

Pressure increases

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26
Q

How does pressure move?

A

From areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure

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27
Q

What is tidal respiration?

A

The volume of air exchange in 1 cycle of quiet breathing

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28
Q

What is the average tidal volume for an adult?

A

500 mL (16 oz)

29
Q

1700 mL

A

1700 cc

30
Q

1700 mL

A

1.7 L

31
Q

Minute volume

A

The volume of air exchange in 1 minute

32
Q

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

A

The extra volume of air that can be inhaled after the tidal volume (sip in more air) - 3L

33
Q

Tidal Volume

A

The volume of air that we take in during inspiration (quiet breathing in and out) - 0.5 L

34
Q

Expiratory Reserve Volyme

A

The volume of air that can be expired following tidal expiration (exhale extra air) - 1L

35
Q

Residual Volume

A

The volume of air left over in the lungs after maximum expiration (we can’t access this air) - 1.2 L

36
Q

Dead Space Air

A

The volume of air that is in the spaces of the airway passages that do not contain alveoli (air in trachea and nasal cavities)

37
Q

Inspiratory Capactity

A

IC = TV + IRV (the maximum inspiratory volume possible after tidal expiration

38
Q

Vital Capacity

A

VC = IRV + TV + ERV (the volume of air that can be inhaled following maximum exhalation)

39
Q

Functional Residual Capacity

A

FRC= ERV + RV (the volume of air in the body at the end of passive exhalation - everything left over after tidal volume)

40
Q

Total Lung Capacity

A

TLC = IRV + TV + ERV + RV (the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume expiratory reserve volume, and residual volume– everything)

41
Q

What decreases with age?

A

Vital Capacity & lung complice/elacticity

42
Q

What stays the same with age?

A

Total lung capacity

43
Q

What increases with age?

A

Residual volume

44
Q

What are the 2 variables affecting breath support for speech?

A
  1. Posture/position & 2. muscle strength
45
Q

Effects of posture on the sitting postiton

A

Gravity assists breathing as it pulls the diaphragm down to help inspiration and pulls the rib cage down to help expiration

46
Q

Effects of posute in the supine position

A

Gravity harms breathing as it pulls the diaphragm toward the spine and up into the chest (smashes lungs down)

47
Q

How did SLP’s place patients during COVID-19?

A

Prone position

48
Q

Effects of muscles of inspiration with decreased function

A

Lungs do not inflate to the fullest capacity, total lung capacity is decreased, needs to work against gravity

49
Q

Effects of muscles of expiration with decreased function

A

Residual volume increases making less space in the lungs for inspiration, prone to respiratory distress and pneumonia

50
Q

What drives the movement of the vocal folds?

A

Subglottal pressure

51
Q

What is the driving pressure of conversational speech?

A

7 to 10 H20

52
Q

What creates syllable stress, pitch changes, and vocal intensity?

A

Small and fast bursts of subglottal pressure (pressure pushes emphasis on different sounds)

53
Q

What allows for controlled exhalation for sustaining speech production?

A

Control of the abdominal muscles

54
Q

% passive respiration

A

Inhalation = 40% & Expiration = 60%

55
Q

% respiration for speech

A

Inhalation = 10% & Expiration + 90%

56
Q

What is checking action?

A

When you impede the flow of air of your inflated lungs by the means of the muscles that got it there in the first place (the muscles of inspiration)- This helps maintain constant flow of air through the vocal tract and sustains breath for speech (a short burst of air = poor checking action)

57
Q

Hypoxia

A

An absence of enough oxygen in the tissues to sustain bodily functions

58
Q

Anoxia

A

More temporary absence of oxygen

59
Q

Is COPD chronic or acute?

A

Cronic

60
Q

Is sinusitis chronic or acute?

A

Acute

61
Q

Is tonsillitis chronic or acute?

A

Acute

62
Q

Is asthma chronic or acute?

A

Chronic

63
Q

Is lung cancer chronic or acute?

A

Chronic

64
Q

Is laryngitis chronic or acute?

A

Acute

65
Q

Is pneumonia chronic or acute?

A

Acute

66
Q

Is sleep apnea chronic or acute?

A

Chronic

67
Q

Tracheostomy

A

The hole that is made with the tube

68
Q

Tracheotomy

A

The procedure of putting in the tube

69
Q

What is a prime example of a patient with hypoxia?

A

A covid patient needed to get intubated to return back to having enough O2

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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