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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

CNS

A

Brain and Spinal cord (contains brainstem)

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2
Q

PNS

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

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3
Q

How many neurons does the brain contain?

A

86 billion

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4
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves?

A

12

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5
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves?

A

31

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6
Q

Somatic nervous system movement

A

Body under voluntary control (moving arms and legs)

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7
Q

Autonomic nervous system movement

A

Bodies automatic control (heart, glands, digestion)

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8
Q

Sympathetic

A

fight (or flight)

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9
Q

Parasympathetic

A

fright (rest and digest)

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10
Q

Neurons

A

the building blocks of the nervous system

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11
Q

Dendrite

A

Take in information from other neurons

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12
Q

Cell body

A

Central part of neuron

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13
Q

Axon

A

The main connection from neuron to neuron (carries electrical impulses)

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14
Q

Myelin Sheath

A

Insulation surrounding the axons that promotes the impulse and makes the signal travel faster/efficiently

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15
Q

What cells are responsible for creating the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

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16
Q

What cells are responsible for creating the myelin sheath in the CNS

A

Schwann Cells

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17
Q

What is the node of ranvier?

A

A periodic gap in the insulating sheath (myelin) on the axon of certain neurons that serves to facilitate the rapid conduction of nerve impulses. (the signal can travel and jump from one node to another)

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18
Q

Types of synapses

A

Axo-dendrite, Axo-somatic, Axo-axonic, Dendro-dendritic

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19
Q

Axo-dendrite

A

Axon to dendrite (Most common)

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20
Q

Axo-somatic

A

Axon to cell body (less common)

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21
Q

Axo-axonic

A

Axon to axon (rare and presynaptic inhibition)

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22
Q

Dendro-dendritic

A

Dendrite to dendrite (rare, local inhibitory feedback circuits)

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23
Q

What are the synapses used for inhibiting

A

Axo-axonic & Dendro-dendritic

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24
Q

Damage to neurons in the CNS

A

Functional regeneration of the axon is not possible if the cell body lives (brain surgery)

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25
Q

Damage to neurons in the PNS

A

Functional regeneration of the axon is possible if the cell body survives (hip surgery)

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26
Q

Brain meninges

A

The membranes covering the brain

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27
Q

What are the 3 layers of meninges

A

Dura mater (tough membrane), arachnoid mater (spidery mother), pia mater (faithful mother)

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28
Q

Spinal meninges

A

The membranes coving the spine

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29
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Vision

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30
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Sensation- Touch, taste, temperature

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31
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Executive function/motor development- last to develop (Plan and organization)

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32
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Hearing, memory, language (houses the primary auditory cortex)

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33
Q

Cerebellum

A

Balance, coordination

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34
Q

Brainstem

A

Basic functions- Breathing, heart rate, blood pressure

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35
Q

Coronal/Frontal

A

Cut into superior and inferior

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36
Q

Saggital

A

Cut into right and left

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37
Q

Horizontal/Transverse

A

Cut into anterior and posterior

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38
Q

How much oxygen does the brain receive?

A

25% used by the body

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39
Q

How many pounds is the brain?

A

3 (but depends)

40
Q

Divisions of the brain

A

Prosencephalon, Mesencephalon, Rhombencephalon, cortex

41
Q

Prosencephalon

A

Forebrain (contains the cerebral hemispheres)

42
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain

43
Q

Rhombencephalon

A

Hindbrain (Pons, cerebellum, medula)

44
Q

What makes up the brainstem

A

Midbrain and hindbrain (pons and medula)

45
Q

What is the cortex?

A

The surface of the brain (outermost layer)

46
Q

Gray matter

A

(exterior) Cell bodies of neurons

47
Q

White matter

A

(interior) Axons/myelin sheath

48
Q

How many cerebral hemispheres are there?

A

R and L

49
Q

What are the hemispheres separated by?

A

Longitudinal fissure

50
Q

Gyri

A

Bumps on the cortex

51
Q

Sulci

A

Grooves in the cortex

52
Q

Arcuate fasciculus

A
53
Q

Brocas

A

Speech production

54
Q

Wenickes

A

Understanding

55
Q

Primary motor cortex

A
56
Q

Primary somatosensory cortex

A
57
Q

Primary auditory cortex

A
58
Q

What happens if there is brain damage to Brocas area?

A

struggle with producing speech

59
Q

What does lateralization of brain functioning mean?

A

It means that the right brain controls the left body and vice versa

60
Q

Precentral Gyrus

A

Part of brains frontal lobe that is a representation that depends upon the complexity of movement = tells us which part of the brain is responsible for a certain movement

61
Q

What does the lower 1/3 of the precentral gyrus represent?

A

Lower parts of face and throat

62
Q

What does the part on the longitudinal fissure represent?

A

Legs

63
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Basal Ganglia

64
Q

Thalamus

A

Sensory & motor integration (directs signals to proper place in cortex)

65
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Body temp & Emotion & Hunger & Thirst (regulator and hormones)

66
Q

Basal Ganglia

A

Motor movement

67
Q

Mesencephalon

A

Midbrain, Pons, Cerebellum, Medulla

68
Q

Midbrain

A

Vision, audition, eye movement, body movement

69
Q

Pons

A

Heart rate, breathing, blood pressure

70
Q

Cerebellum

A

Movement, balance, posture

71
Q

Medulla

A

Breathing, HR, reflexes

72
Q

Brainstem consists of…

A

Midbrain, pons, medulla

73
Q

What originates in the BS?

A

cranial nerves

74
Q

How many hemispheres are in the BS?

A

2 (coordinate and integrate movement)

75
Q

Ataxia

A

A neurological sign that indicates a loss of muscle coordination, which can cause clumsy movements and affect balance, speech, and eye movements

76
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

A network of fluid-filled cavities in the brain that produce and circulate cerebrospinal fluid

77
Q

What does the choroid plexus do?

A

Creates & Produces the CSF - cerebral spinal fluid. (clear fluid that has nutrients, clears waste, cushions/protects)

78
Q

How many ventricles are there?

A

4

79
Q

What is the purpose of the ventricular system?

A

protection for brain and spinal cord, nutrition, waste removal, pressure regulation

80
Q

How does blood supply get to the brain?

A

Through the anterior and posterior arteries

81
Q

Anterior Artery

A

Internal Carotid artery

82
Q

Posterior

A

Basilar Artery

83
Q

What is the circle of willis?

A

a ring-shaped network of arteries located at the base of the brain that connects the major blood vessels supplying the brain, essentially acting as a “fail-safe” system by allowing blood flow to reach different parts of the brain even if one of the main arteries becomes blocked

84
Q

Arteries vs Veins

A

Arteries are taking blood away from heart while veins are taking blood to the hear

85
Q

Nerve I

A

Olfactory

86
Q

Nerve II

A

Optic

87
Q

Nerve III

A

Oculomotor

88
Q

Nerve IV

A

Trochlear

89
Q

Nerve V

A

Trigeminal

90
Q

Nerve VI

A

Abducens

91
Q

Nerve VII

A

Facial

92
Q

Nerve VIII

A

Auditory/Vestibulocochlear

93
Q

Nerve IX

A

Glossopharyngeal

94
Q

Nere X

A

Vagus

95
Q

Nerve XI

A

Accessory

96
Q

Nerve XII

A

Hypoglossal

97
Q
A

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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