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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What allows for the percise movement of articulation?

A

The process of joining 2 elements

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2
Q

What does the vocal tract consist of?

A

Oral cavity, pharynx, nasal cavity

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3
Q

Source-Filter Theory

A

Speech is the product of sending an acoustic source (the source produced by vibrating out VF) through the filter of the vocal tract that shapes output

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4
Q

True or False: All articulators are mobile

A

False

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5
Q

What is the largest mobile articulator?

A

Tongue

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6
Q

What all all the mobile articulators?

A

Lips, tongue, velum

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7
Q

Immobile Parts

A

Bones of skull (maxilla- alveolar ridge, hard palate), Dentition (teeth), nasal bones, zygomatic bone (cheek)

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8
Q

Mobile Parts

A

Muscles (tongue, soft palate, muscles of face- lips cheeks), mandible (jaw), larynx/VF/Hyoid, pharynx and fauces (tonsil pillars)

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9
Q

Sounding Cavities

A

Mouth (oral cavity), Throat (pharyngeal cavity), Nose (nasal cavity)

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10
Q

Bones of the Face/Cranial Skeleton

A

Frontal bone, Parietal bone, Occipital bone, Temporal bone, Zygomatic bone, Mandible, Maxilla, Nasal bone, Sphenoid bone

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11
Q

Maxilla

A

Roof of the mouth, hard and solid separation of the oral cavity from the nasal cavity

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12
Q

Anatomical issues with the maxilla that impact speech production…

A

Cleft lip, cleft palate, cleft ulva, cleft lip and palate

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13
Q

What is the shape of the hard palate supposed to be?

A

Slightly rounded and smooth

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14
Q

High and narrow palatal arch

A

Is created when a kid sucks or uses pacifier for an extended amount of time- impacted teeth/crowded teeth/cross bite, tongue tissue involved, hypernasal speech, distorted palatal sounds

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15
Q

Super wide hard palate

A

Distorted palatal sounds, obstructed sleep apnea, snoring

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16
Q

Labial sounds

A

p,b,f,v,m

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17
Q

Dental sounds

A

t,d,th,n

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18
Q

Palatal sounds

A

r,j

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19
Q

Velar sounds

A

k,g,ng

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20
Q

Mandible

A

Floor of the mouth, this is where the tongue lives

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21
Q

Anatomical issues with the mandible that impact speech production..

A

Congenital mandibular hypoplasia (born with decreases formation of the jaw), micrognathia (small jaw), malocculoin of the jaw

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22
Q

Zygomatic bone

A

Cheek bones, forms the lateral portion of the nasal cavity

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23
Q

Why are teeth important?

A

Checking and Articulating

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24
Q

What the the teeth shapes/jobs

A

Sharp/thin - ripping, wide/flat- grinding

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25
Q

With teeth change over time what would be the impact of teeth on speech sound production…

A

missing teeth, misaligned teeth, mix of baby and adult teeth

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26
Q

Malocclusions (bite problems)

A

Overbite, underbite, tongue thrust

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27
Q

Resonance

A

A place for a vibration to live and be shaped within the cavities of the articulatory system

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28
Q

Where does the sound of the human voice resonate?

A

In the air spaces of the head and neck which are dictated by anatomical architecture

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29
Q

Source of vibration

A

Voice box- larynx produces voice by vibration of the BF powered by exhalation

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30
Q

Filter for vibration

A

Shaping through the vocal tract made by the tonge, mandible, soft palate, articulators

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31
Q

What are the anatomical air spaces of the articulation system?

A

Oral cavity, buccal cavity, pharyngeal cavity, oropharynx cavity, laryngophraynx cavity, nasopharynx cavity, nasal cavities

32
Q

What does resonance require?

A

a vibrating structure and a container/resonating chamber for the sound to live in and be shaped

33
Q

What is the function of the orbicularis oris?

A

Purses lips and creates labial seal

34
Q

What is the main nerve of the face?

35
Q

Risorius muscle

A

Retracts lips at corners

36
Q

Buccinator muscle

A

Moves food to molar surfaces

37
Q

Levator Labii Superioris

A

Elevates upper lip

38
Q

Levator Anguli Oris

A

Pulls corner of mouth up medially

39
Q

Zygomatic Major

A

Elevates and retracts angle of the mouth

40
Q

Zygomatic Minor

A

Elevates the upper lips

41
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Pulls the lips down and out

42
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Depresses corners of mouth and compresses the upper lip against the lower lip

43
Q

Mentalis

A

Elevates and wrinkles the chin and pulls the lower lip out

44
Q

Platysma

A

Depresses the mandible

45
Q

What is the importance of the tongue?

A

Articulation, mastication (movement of food in the oral cavity), deglutition (propelling food back for swallowing)

46
Q

The purpose of the frenulum

A

to anchor or stabilize the structures of the mouth

47
Q

What is the ankyloglossia/tongue tie

A

When the lingual frenulum is too short and restricts the movement of the tongue

48
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Moves the tongue into the general places you want it to go (gross motor movement)

49
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Provides fine, graded control of movement for articulation

50
Q

Platoglossus

A

Palate and tongue- elevates the tongue/depresses the soft palate

51
Q

Styloglossus

A

Off temporal bone- draws the tongue back and up

52
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Hyoid bone and tongue- pulls sides of tongue down

53
Q

Genioglossus

A

Chin and tonuge- retracts and protrudes the tongue/depresses it

54
Q

True or False- Intrinsic muscles of the tongue are responsible for gross motor

55
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Superior longitudinal, inferior longitudinal, transverse muscles of tongue, and vertical muscles of the tongue

56
Q

Superior longitudinal

A

Elevates and assists in retraction/deviates the tip of tongue

57
Q

Inferior longitudinal

A

Pulls tongue tip downwards/assists in retraction/deviates the tongue

58
Q

Transverse muscles tongue

A

Mechanism for narrowing the tongue

59
Q

Vertical muscles of tongue

A

Pulls the tongue down into the floor of the mouth

60
Q

Tongue Thrust

A

Lack of development of a mature swallowing pattern which results in sustained use of forward motion of tongue during swallowing

61
Q

What are side effects of tongue thrust?

A

Lack of development of posterior movement, forward tongue carriage, disorganized bolus preparation, weak oral musculature, deviation of the incisors towards the lips, misarticulating

62
Q

What is the importance of the velum?

A

Articulation (m,g,ng) and swallowing (keeps liquid out of nose)

63
Q

When you are breathing in/out of nose is the velum open or closed?

64
Q

When you are open mouth breathing is the velum open or closed?

65
Q

When you are breathing through and open mouth and in/out of nose is the velum open or closed?

66
Q

What tissues make up the velum?

A

Muscle, aponeurosis, nerves, blood supply, mucous membrane lining

67
Q

What are the muscles of the velum?

A

Levator palatinine, musculus uvaulae, tensor veli palatinini, palatopharyngeus, palatoglossus

68
Q

Levator Palatini

A

Elevates and retracts the posterior velum

69
Q

Musculus Uvulae

A

Shortens the soft palate (pulls it up and retracts)

70
Q

Tensor Veli Palatini

A

Dilates the eustachian tube (tightens)

71
Q

Palatopharyngeus

A

Narrows the pharynx and lowers the soft palate

72
Q

Palatoglossus

A

Elevates the tongue or depresses the soft palate

73
Q

What is bifid uvula?

A

2 uvula (split)

74
Q

Is bifid uvula potentially normal?

75
Q

What should you think when someone has Bifid Uvula?

A

It could be normal or a sign of submucosal cleft of the palate, you should refer them to an ENT, and consider the size of their tonsils and adenoids

76
Q

What are the muscles of the pharynx?

A

Superior constrictor, stlyopharyngeus, middle constrictor, inferior constrictor

77
Q

What is the purpose of the muscles of the pharynx?

A

To contract and push the bolus of food down the esophagus

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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