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Anatomy & Phys > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

How do we get a vibration of the vocal folds?

A

We move the vocal folds into the air stream to get the vibration

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2
Q

Phonation

A

Production of voice through action of the vocal folds in relation to the air stream

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3
Q

Can you have sound without energy?

A

No

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4
Q

Vocal Folds

A

Sound source for voiced speech

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5
Q

What is the energy/power source?

A

Lungs

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6
Q

What is the vibratory source?

A

Vocal folds

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7
Q

What is the biological function of the vocal folds?

A

It is the gateway for breathing, it protects the airway/lungs, it expels foreign substances from the lungs by coughing, and it stabilizes the thoracic cavity for power in lifting/pushing (stabilized the core)

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8
Q

What is the additional function of the vocal folds?

A

Voices/phonates for speech production

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9
Q

The larynx produces…

A

Phonation

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10
Q

Phonemes are based on 3 things…

A

Voicing, place, manner

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11
Q

Voiced phoneme

A

Speech sounds made with a voiced component (z or d)

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12
Q

Voiceless phoneme

A

Speech sounds made without a voiced component (s or p)

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13
Q

How many pairs of muscles does the larynx used to close/protect the respiratory system?

A

3

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14
Q

How many pairs of muscles does the larynx used to open the respiratory system?

A

1

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15
Q

What is the larynx made of?

A

3 paired cartilages, 3 unpaired cartilages, ligaments& muscles, and mucosal membranes

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16
Q

What do mucosal membranes help with?

A

If you are hydrated the mucosal membranes help the vocal folds slide better

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17
Q

Characteristics of the larynx in infants

A

Sits higher than C4 (cervical vertebra), is narrow and high, laryngeal cartilages are pliable which can cause stridor (floppiness), 1/3 side of adult larynx

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18
Q

Characteristics of the larynx in adults

A

Structures elongate as we age, adjacent to C4-C6 (cervical vertebra), averages length in males in 44 mm and in females 36 mm (larger=men have deeper voices)

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19
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

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20
Q

Epiglottis

A

A leaf like shape that covers the airway during swallowing (to protect larynx and airway from food)

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21
Q

Thyroid cartilage

A

The largest cartilage, rocks back and forth at the cricothyroid joint, articulates with the hyoid bone

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22
Q

Cricoid cartilage

A

Ring-shaped, attaches at the trachea

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23
Q

Is the thyroid cartilage different than the thyroid gland?

A

yes

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24
Q

What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?

A

Arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilages, cuneiform cartilage

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25
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

Posterior point of attachment for the vocal folds, found at the upper surface of the cricoid cartilage (triangles that the vocal folds attach to)

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26
Q

Corniculate cartilages

A

Found on the superior surface of the arytenoid cartilage (sit on top of arytenoid)

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27
Q

Cuneiform cartilage

A

The smallest cartilage in the larynx that provides rigidity for the vocal folds, found in the aryepiglottic folds (only can see in an internal view-2 bumps)

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28
Q

Hyoid bone structure & function

A

it is a U shaped bone, it is “floating” because it is the only bone not connected to another bone, it is attached to the tongue, it connects the tongue to thyroid cartilage, 23 muscles attach to it, it is dynamic and moves a lot

29
Q

What type of joints are in the larynx?

A

Synovial joints (highly movable)

30
Q

What are the 2 joints in the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid joint & cricoarytenoid join

31
Q

Cricothyroid joint

A

A synovial joint that moves in a rocking and gliding rotation. It creates change in pitch

32
Q

Cricoarytenoid joint

A

A synovial join that moves in a rocking and gliding rotation. It adducts the vocal folds and changes their length

33
Q

Thyroid notch

A

The “adams apple” (a mans is usually bigger and a females is smaller)

34
Q

Laminae

A

The flat potion on the thyroid cartilage

35
Q

FEES

A

A swallowing study where you put a camera through the nose and watch the anatomy of the larynx as a person swallows different consistencies of food

36
Q

Stroboscopy

A

Contains and endoscope, a microphone, and a flashing strobe light that gives a clearer and deeper picture of the vocal folds while a person is producing different vibrations

37
Q

What are the vocal folds made out of?

A

Bands of mucous membranes, connective tissue, thyrovocalis muscle

38
Q

What are the main ligaments in the larynx?

A

Median thyroidhyoid ligament, lateral thyroidhyoid ligament, thyroid membrane, median cricothyroid ligament, cricothyroid ligament, cricotracheal ligament

39
Q

What is the function of the ligaments in the larynx?

A

They are fibrous connective tissue that connects and holds the bones are cartilages in the larynx together

40
Q

What ligaments connect the larynx to the hyoid bone?

A

Lateral thyrohyoid ligament, median thyrohyoid ligament, thyrohyoid membrane

41
Q

What ligaments connect the epiglottis to the larynx?

A

hyoepiglottic ligament, thyroepiglottic ligament

42
Q

What ligaments connect epiglottis to the tongue?

A

lateral glossoepiglottic ligaments, median glossoepiglottic ligaments

43
Q

What ligaments connect the thyroid to the cricoid?

A

Cricothyroid ligament, median cricothyroid ligament

44
Q

What ligaments connect the larynx to the trachea?

A

Cricotracheal ligament

45
Q

What are intrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles inside the vocal folds

46
Q

What are extrinsic muscles?

A

Muscles outside of the vocal folds that support it

47
Q

What are the adductor intrinsic muscles?

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid muscles & transverse and oblique arytenoid muscles

48
Q

What are the abductor intrinsic muscles?

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid muscles

49
Q

What are the glottal tensor intrinsic muscles?

A

Cricothyroid muscles, pars recta, pars oblique, and thyrovocalis (medial thyroarytenoid) muscles

50
Q

What are the relaxers intrinsic muscles?

A

Thyromuscularis (lateral thyroarytenoid) muscles

51
Q

What are the auxiliary musculature intrinsic muscles?

A

Thyroarytenoid muscles, superior thyroarytenoid muscles, aryepiglotticus muscles, thyroepiglotticus muscles

52
Q

What do the hyoid and laryngeal elevators do?

A

Want to move up the complex of the larynx

53
Q

What do the hyoid and laryngeal depressors do?

A

Want to move down the complex of the larynx

54
Q

What exercise helps move up the complex of the larynx?

A

Mendolson excersize

55
Q

What muscles attaches sternum to thyroid

A

Sternothyroid muscle

56
Q

Origin

A

Fixed

57
Q

Insertion

A

Moveable

58
Q

What muscles attatches thyroid to hyoid?

A

thyrohyoid muscle

59
Q

Laryngeal cancer

A

Cancer cells form in the tissues of the larynx (tumor) and this can effect the muscles of the larynx

60
Q

Vocal fold paralysis

A

One or more of the vocal folds do not open/close properly which can be caused by stroke, accidents, thyroid surgery complications

61
Q

Laryngectomy

A

Removal of a potion or the whole larynx (taking away someones voice)

62
Q

Tracheostomy

A

Surgical procedure that creates an opening in the trachea to insert a tube that allows you to breathe

63
Q

Vocal Nodules

A

Bumps (caluses) on the vocal folds can cause you to sound breathy or raspy or hoarse

64
Q

Vocal Polyps

A

Blisters on the vocal folds that are fluid filled (rough scratchy voice and cracking when speaking)

65
Q

Myasthennia Gravis

A

Disorder of muscles (can cause voice and swallowing issues)

66
Q

ALS

A

Disorder and break down of nerve impulses (swallowing difficulty, aspiration, speaking is more difficult)

67
Q

Reinke’s Edema

A

Fluid buildup that causes swelling (bc of abuse to the vocal folds- can lead to an abnormal voice)

68
Q

Laryngitis

A

Temporary inflammation of the vocal folds because of infection

69
Q

What condition does Mylie Cyrus have?

A

Reinke’s edema

Anatomy & Phys (11 decks)

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