Chapter 8.4 Advances In genetics Flashcards
What is selective breeding?
Occurs when humans breed only those organisms with desired traits to prodce the next generation
What is another name for selective breeding?
Artificial selection
What are two types of selective breeding?
In- breeding
Hybridization
What is in-breeding?
Crossing two individuals that have similar characteristics
What is hybridization?
Breeders cross two genetically different individuals in hopes of offspring having best traits from both parents
What is genetic engineering?
Geneticists transfer a gene from the DNA of one organism into another
What is genetic engineering used for?
To give organisms genes they could not acquire through breeding
What is a common example of genetic engineering?
To synthesize insulin (a protein that helps control blood-sugar levels after eating) for diabetes
What is a clone?
An organism that has the same genes as the organism from which it was produced
How is a clone produced?
- The nucleus from an unfertilized egg is removed and replaced with a nucleus from a body cell
- The egg is then implanted into a female so it can develop
Give an example where cloning is used.
Cloning is used to develop many foods we eat such as Cavendish bananas
What is gene therapy?
It is a process that involves changing a gene to treat a medical disease or disorder.
A normal working gene replaces an absent or faulty gene.
What are the two types of gene therapy?
- Immune-system cells are genetically engineered and then injected into a person’s body
- CRISPR - a gene editing tool that can help people with sickle cell disease
What is a genome?
Complete set of genetic information that an organsim carries in its DNA
What is the Human Genome Project?
The identification of the DNA sequence of the entire human genome.
