Chapter 7.1 Genetics: The Work Of Gregor mendel Flashcards
Who is the father of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
What is genetics?
The scientific study of heredity?
What is heredity?
The passing on of characteristics (traits) from parents to offspring.
What is a trait?
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring.
What organism did Mendel study?
Pea plants
What characteristics of pea plants did Mendel study?
Height Seed color Pod color Flower color Seed shape
What did Mendel observe about the characteristics of pea plants?
The traits were often similar to those of their parents.
Sometimes, however, the forms differed.
What is the pistil?
The part of the plant that produces female sex cells, or eggs.
What is the stamen?
The part of the plant that produces pollen, which contains the male sex cells, or sperm.
What s fertilization?
The process when a new organism forms after an egg and sperm cell join.
What is pollination?
The process of pollen reaching the pistil of a flower.
What does self-pollinating mean?
Pollen from a flower lands on the pistil of the same flower and pollinates it.
what are true breeding plants?
Plants that will only produce offspring identical to themselves if they are allowed to self-pollinate.
Mendel studied many traits of pea plants. How many did he study at one time?
ONE
What did Mendel notice when he crossed a purple flower with a white flower?
A trait from the parent did not always show up in the first generation offspring.
What did Mendel do to better control his experiments?
- He used a method called cross-pollination. He used pollen from true breeding plants with different traits to produce new offspring.
- The parts of the plant that contain pollen (the anthers) were removed so that the plant could not self-pollinate.
What is cross-pollination?
Pollen from a DIFFERENT plant pollinates the plant
What happened when Mendel crossed true breeding purple flowered plants with true breeding white flowered plants?
The first generation was all purple flowered plants.
What happened when Mendel allowed the offspring of cross pollinated purple pea plants to self pollonate?
There were 3 purple flowers for every one white flower.
What is a hybrid?
When offspring of parents have different forms of a trait.
What is a monohybrid?
When only one trait of the offspring is different.
What notation did Mendel use to identify parents and different generations of offspring?
Parent - P1 generation
Offspring - F1 generation
Offspring of first generation - F2 generation
