Chapter 10.2 - Bacteria Flashcards
What are the traits for a prokaryote
No nucleus
Unicellular
No organelles
Dramatically more complicated than a virus but way less complicated than an animal or plant cell
1-20 micro meters
When were bacteria discovered
In the 17th century
Why were microscopes important
Advances in microscopes revealed the world of prokaryotes
What does the structure of a bacteria have
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm(cytosol)
Nucleoid
Ribosome
What is a cell membrane
The barrier between the organism and their environment
Phospholipid bilayer and proteins
Semipermeable(allows food in and waste out)
What is the cell wall
rigid structure that creates mesh-like layer around the cell
Made of peptidoglycan
What is peptidoglycan
A polymer chain of sugars and amino acids
What is the cytoplasm
A jelly-like substance where cell parts float around
What is the nucleoid
Region where the genetic info for bacteria can be found
What is a ribosome
Protein factories
How do scientists identify cell wall structure
They stain the bacteria cells with various dyes and rinse them with alcohol. The remaining color tells us about the bacteria’s cell wall structure.
What does gram-positive mean
Cell with peptidoglycan
Shows up purple because they retain more of the stain
What does gram-negative mean
Cell wall with little peptidoglycan
Shows up pink because the exterior layer is made up of lipoproteins which doesn’t retain much of the stain
How do antibiotics work
They work by inhibiting the growth of or destroy the bacteria
What are the ways antibiotics target bacteria
Inhibit the cell wall synthesis
Inhibit protein synthesis
Inhibit DNA synthesis
Disrupt the cell membrane functionl
Inhibit metabolism
