Chapter 5.1 The Discovery Of Cells

Question 1

What is the basic unit of all living organisms?

Answer 1

Cell

Question 2

What are 3 tenets of cell theory?

Answer 2

1. All living things are made of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.
3. All cells come from other cells.

Question 3

What type of microscope allows objects to be magnified up to 500,000 times using beam of electrons instead of light?

Answer 3

Electron

Question 4

What are the advantages of an electron microscope?

Answer 4

1. It allows for higher magnification.

2. It allows for better resolution (more detail).

Question 5

What type of microscope can help scientists see a cells three-dimensional shape?

Answer 5

Scannng electron microscope (SEM)

Question 6

What type of microscope allows scientists to see structures inside a cell?

Answer 6

Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

Question 7

What type of microscope produces images by tracing surfaces of cells or structures with a probe?

Answer 7

Scanning probe microscope (SPM)

Question 8

What are the small structures within cells called in general?

Answer 8

Organelles

Question 9

Each ___________ has a specific function in the cell.

Answer 9

Organelle

Question 10

What are the two major classes of cells?

Answer 10

1. Prokaryotic

2. Eukaryotic

Question 11

Which class of cells lacks a nucleus and most organelles?

Answer 11

Prokaryotic

Question 12

Which class of cells has a nucleus surrounded by membrane and other membrane-bound organelles?

Answer 12

Eukaryotic

Question 13

What are two examples of prokaryotic cells?

Answer 13

Bacteria, archaea

Question 14

What are four examples of eukaryotic cells?

Answer 14

Protists, fungi, plants, animals

Question 16

What is cell structure?

Answer 16

What the cell is made of and how its parts are put together.

Question 17

What is cell function?

Answer 17

Processes that enable a cell to live, grow and reproduce.

Question 18

What are two functions of cells?

Answer 18

1. Obtaining oxygen, food and water

2. Ridding cell of wastes

Question 19

When was the microscope invented?

Answer 19

Around 1590

Question 20

What is Robert Hooke known for?

Answer 20

1. Developing cell thoery

2. Looking at cork under a microscope and labeling the tiny rectangular empty spaces “cells”, which means “small rooms”.

Question 21

What is Anton van Leeuwenhoek known for?

Answer 21

1. He looked at the scraping from his teeth and gums and noticed a variety of one-celled organisms.
2. He called the one-celled organisms animalcules, which means “little animals”.
3. He was the first researcher to see bacteria under a microscope.

Question 22

What was Theodor Schwann known for?

Answer 22

He concluded that all ANIMALS are made of cells

Question 23

What was Matthias Schleiden known for?

Answer 23

He concluded that all PLANTS are made of cells.

Question 24

What was Rudolf Virchow known for?

Answer 24

He proposed that new cells are formed from pre-existing cells.