Chapter 7.2 & 7.3 Mendel's Laws Of Heredity and Punnett Squares Flashcards
What did Mendel conclude from his study of pea plants?
- Individual factors, or sets of genetic “information” must control the inheritance of traits in peas
- The factors that control each trait exist in pairs
- The female parent contributes one factor, while the male parent contributes the other factor
- One factor in a pair can mask, or hide, the other factor. (Example: tallness factor masked shortness factor)
Today, what do we call Mendel’s “factors that determine traits”?
Genes
What are alleles?
Different forms of the same gene.
Ex. Height gene can either have an allele for tall or an allele for short.
A _______ allele is one whose trait always shows up when the allele is present.
Dominent
A ________ allele is hidden when the dominent allele is present.
Recessive
How is the dominent allele represented?
Capital letter
How is the recessive allele represented?
Lowercase letter
What is the law of segregation?
Every organism has two alleles of each gene.
When sex cells, or gamtetes, are produced, the alleles separate.
What is the phenotype?
The way an organism looks and behaves.
What is the genotype?
The allele combination of an organism
What word(s) describe the genotype RR?
Homozygous dominant
What word(s) describe the genotype Rr?
Heterozygous
What word(s) describe the genotype rr?
Homozygous recessive
What is the law of independent assortment?
Genes for different traits are inherited independently of each other.
What is probability?
A number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur.
