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Social > Chapter 8: The Metis > Flashcards

Chapter 8: The Metis Flashcards

0
Q

Which groups lived on the red river?

A 
Country born Metis 
Cree and Anishinabe
Roman Catholic missionaries
Canadiens
British employees of the hudsons bay company
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1
Q

Who was the largest group at red river?

A

The French speaking Metis were the largest but they weren’t the only people there

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2
Q

What was the identity of the Metis?

A

They usually spoke French, English, or one or more First Nations languages.

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3
Q

What was the Metis’s economy based on?

A

It was based on the climate of their territory, and the resources found in it

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4
Q

What the Metis do to make a living?

A

They grew crops
Participated in the fur trade
Hunted buffalo

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5
Q

What did the Metis do in the fur trade?

A 
They worked at each post
Supplied buffalo meat
They
We're trappers
Traders
Freighters on York boats
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6
Q

What is a York boat

A

The York boat was a type of inland boat used by the Hudson’s Bay Company to carry furs and trade goods

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7
Q

What was the process for making pemmican?

A

The women spread it out and cut it into shreds

Then they mixed it with fat and berries to create pemmican

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8
Q

Who is lord Selkirk?

A

He bought a patch of land called Manitoba and brought many families to come and live there. But when he did get there it was occupied by First Nations

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9
Q

How did the Metis react to lord Selkirk and the families?

A

They were scared they could be run off their land and assimilated

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10
Q

Why was the pemmican proclamation created?

A

The government of the land was afraid the colonists would starve if too much meat left the colony so he banned them from exporting any meat

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11
Q

How did they react to the pemmican proclamation?

A

They were outraged because buffalo meat was very big in the fur trade. They wanted to drive them out of town! They stole farm equipment and horses. They also shot their guns to scare them.

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12
Q

What caused the battle of Seven Oaks?

A

The Scottish wanted the land that was rightfully theirs but the Metis did not want to give it up because they lived there first

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13
Q

How many people died during the battle of seven oaks?

A

1 Metis and 21 colonists

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14
Q

Why did the battle of seven oaks have a big significance?

A

It was the first time the Metis stood up as a United group against the Canadian government

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15
Q

Did the Hudson’s Bay Company ever take over their rival (the north west company)?

A

Yes they did in 1821

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16
Q

What happened as a result of the hudsons bay company taking over the north west company?

A

This means the red river colony belonged to the British.

Then the buffalo began to die out so they had to migrate west

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17
Q

Why was no interest expressed in ruperts land before?

A

Because they thought it didn’t have any resources and couldn’t be farmed on

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18
Q

Why did Canada need Ruperts land?

A

Farmland was growing scarce in Ontario and they don’t want the Yankees to take it

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19
Q

What year did Canada buy Rupert’s land?

A

Around 1860 for 1.5 million dollars from the hudsons bay company

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20
Q

How did the Metis react to Canada buying ruperts land?

A

They feared that they would be assimilated by the outsiders

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21
Q

What did Louis riel do when he first saw surveyors on the land?

A

He stopped them in their tracks and told them to leave immediately

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22
Q

What did the Metis do in an effort to preserve their rights?

A

They created the Metis provisional government and Louis riel as president

23
Q

What was the Metis bill of rights?

A

It was a clear attempt to protect the varied interest of people’s already living in the territory and for provincial powers

24
Q

What was on the Metis bill of rights

A
  • Either French or English would be used in the legislature.
  • Laws for a new province would be decided by residents
  • Local officials would be elected by local people
  • The federal government would negotiate treaties with the First Nations
25
Q

What type of people were apart of the Canada party?

A

Looking forward to the Canada party
Furious with the actions of Metis
Spoke English

26
Q

Who was Thomas Scott?

A

He was part of the Canada party and was furious with the Metis and took up arms against the provisional government. They put him in jail after they threatened to kill Louis riel. He was then found guilty and put in trial when he was executed.

27
Q

What was the anglophone perspective on Scott’s death?

A

They were furious and wanted revenge on the Metis leaders who did this

28
Q

What was the francophone perspective on Scott’s death?

A

They saw the Metis as defenders of their way of life and demanded the Metis have the same rights

29
Q

What is the Manitoba act

A

The Manitoba act created Canada’s fifth province

30
Q

What are some of the terms of the Manitoba act?

A

Manitoba would have its own provisional government

French and English would be used in courts

An area of land would be set aside for met to use

31
Q

Why did the government send 1200 soldiers to red river?

A

The soldiers were meant to keep the peace in the new province. And also defend the territory in case the Yankees wanted to claim it

32
Q

What did the soldiers think they were supposed to do when they were sent to red river?

A

They thought their job was to punish the Metis and capture Louis riel

33
Q

Why did Louis riel flee from Canada?

A

He knew he was in danger so he escaped across the border to United States

34
Q

Why was Louis riel banished for five years?

A

For the death of Scott

35
Q

What is a script?

A

A script is like a coupon for land

36
Q

Why didn’t the script system work well?

A

Many Metis didn’t receive their land

37
Q

What did the newcomers in Manitoba want to do?

A

They wanted to build a society similar to Ontario’s. To make it an anglophone area

38
Q

Why did many Metis leave Manitoba?

A

They felt cheated and frustrated by the government.

39
Q

What did most Metis go to do when they left Manitoba?

A

They went to live as hunters, trappers and farmers

40
Q

What looked like the Metis were opposing the government?

A

In some of their colonies they set up their own government and created their own laws

41
Q

Why did the Metis suffer from starvation and poverty?

A

The drastically reduced buffalo population. Many lost their jobs as buffalo hunters

42
Q

What warnings did the government ignore?

A

The growing tesion in Manitoba

43
Q

Who invited Louis Riel back?

A

A group of Metis led by Gabriel Dumont

44
Q

Why did they invite Louis Reil back?

A

To help them address the problems they were facing and be their voice

45
Q

What was accomplished when Louis Riel came back?

A

They established their own government and sent a bill of right to ottowa

46
Q

How did the government react to the second Metis uprising?

A

The sent 1000s of armed troops

47
Q

How did the Metis women help the Metis during the uprising?

A

They made bullets, delivered messages, and supplies

48
Q

What caused the first Metis resistance?

A

The government was trying to take their land

49
Q

What caused conflict at red river?

A

Lord Selkirk bought land but it was occupied by Metis, the pemmican proclamation

50
Q

Explain the battle of seven oaks

A

The Scottish colonist were still there and they wanted to get get rid of them. A shot rang out, then there was fighting

51
Q

Why did the battle of 7 oaks have some significance?

A

It was the first time they sold as a united group

52
Q

What caused the red river resistance and what happened?

A

Canada wanted to claim ruperts land but the Metis had it first and wouldn’t give it up. The red river resistance started when Louis riel sent away the scientists. And many people disliked the Metis for that

53
Q

What caused the second Metis uprising?

A

There were still problems in Manitoba and the Metis felt cheated because they were given script

54
Q

What challenges did the Metis face?

A

Starvation because the buffalo was gone and their jobs

55
Q

What conflicts happened during the second Metis uprising?

A

Metis went and attacked a police fort

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