Chapter 8 - Skeletal System (A) - Axial Skeleton Flashcards by Shanelle Dixon

How many bones are in the human skeleton?

206

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name the 2 divisions of the skeletal system

axial skeleton –> bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the body
appendicular skeleton –> bones of the upper and lower limbs and bones of the griddles

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long bones

greater in length than width

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short bones

cube shaped

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flat bones

thin

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irregular bones

complex shapes (vertebra)

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what are the 4 categories of bone markings?

articulating surfaces
depressions
projections
openings

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Condyle

-bone marking category and description

articulating surface

-large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

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Facet

-bone marking category and description

articulating surface

-small, flat, shallow surface

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Head (bone marking)

–bone marking category and description

articulating surface

-prominent, rounded epiphysis

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Alveolus

-bone marking category and description

Depression

-deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

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Fossa

-bone marking category and description

Depression

-flattened or shallow depression

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Sulcus

-bone marking category and description

Depression

-narrow groove

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What are projections used for?

tendon and ligament attachment

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Crest

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-narrow, prominent, ridge like projection

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Epicondyle

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-projection adjacent to a condyle

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Line

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-low ridge

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Process

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-Any marked bony prominence

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Ramus

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

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Spine (bone marking)

-bone marking category and description

Projection

pointed, slender process

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Trochanter

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-massive, rough projection found only on femur

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Tubercle

-bone marking category and description

Projection

small, round projection

Tuberosity

-bone marking category and description

Projection

-large, rough projection

Canal

-bone marking category and description

Opening

passageway through a bone

Fissure | -bone marking category and description

opening | -narrow, slitlike opening through bone

Foramen | -bone marking category and description

opening | -rounded passageway through a bone

Meatus | -bone marking category and description

Opening | -passageway through a bone

Sinus | -bone marking category and description

cavity or hollow space in a bone

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

The skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum make up which part of the skeleton?

Axial

the purpose of the skull includes..

- protect and support brain | - provides framework for muscle attachment

The skull is composed of what 3 types of structures?

8 cranial bones 15 facial Fontanels

List the 8 cranial bones of the skull

sphenoid, parietal (2), temporal (2), Occipital, Ethmoid, Frontal

Name the 15 facial bones of the skull

mandible, maxilla (2), vomer, nasal bones (2), zygomatic bones (2), Lacrimal bones (2), Palatine bones (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), hyoid bone

What is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with another bone

Hyoid bone

What are Fontanels

soft, mesenchyme filled space between cranial bones of babies. -form into suture joints of adults

What exits from the intervertebral foremen?

spinal nerves

_______________ is found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

fibrocartilage intervertebral disks

The lordosis region referes to what?

- cervical and lumbar regions of the spine | - have convex curvature

what areas of the spinal curve are concave? What are these regions called?

thoracic and sacral regions | Kyphosis.

name 3 severe conditions of the spine that result due to exaggeration of the normal spinal curve.

- scoliosis (spine curves left or right) - kyphosis (hunch back) - lordosis (arched back)

The cervical vertebrae form the _______.

neck

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

Seven. C1 - atlas C2 - axis (pivots) C3-C7

The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the _____.

ribs

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

What is the function and shape of the lumbar vertebrae?

support lower back | stouter in shape

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

the sacrum is composed of...

5 fused vertebrae (by age 30)

the coccyx is composed of...

fusion of 4 vertebrae

what is the function of the thoracic cage? (3)

- enclose and protect organs - support upper limbs - assists in breathing

what structures for the thoracic cage?

sternum ribs costal cartilage

what are true ribs?

attached "directly" to sternum | upper 7 ribs

what are false ribs?

attach indirectly to sternum (at angle), or do not attache at all (floating ribs)