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BIOL 110 > Chapter 8 - Skeletal System (A) - Axial Skeleton > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Skeletal System (A) - Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

How many bones are in the human skeleton?

A

206

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2
Q

name the 2 divisions of the skeletal system

A

axial skeleton –> bones that lie around the longitudinal axis of the body
appendicular skeleton –> bones of the upper and lower limbs and bones of the griddles

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3
Q

long bones

A

greater in length than width

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4
Q

short bones

A

cube shaped

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5
Q

flat bones

A

thin

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6
Q

irregular bones

A

complex shapes (vertebra)

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7
Q

what are the 4 categories of bone markings?

A
  1. articulating surfaces
  2. depressions
  3. projections
  4. openings
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8
Q

Condyle

-bone marking category and description

A

articulating surface

-large, smooth, rounded, oval structure

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9
Q

Facet

-bone marking category and description

A

articulating surface

-small, flat, shallow surface

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10
Q

Head (bone marking)

–bone marking category and description

A

articulating surface

-prominent, rounded epiphysis

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11
Q

Alveolus

-bone marking category and description

A

Depression

-deep pit or socket in the maxillae or mandible

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12
Q

Fossa

-bone marking category and description

A

Depression

-flattened or shallow depression

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13
Q

Sulcus

-bone marking category and description

A

Depression

-narrow groove

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14
Q

What are projections used for?

A

tendon and ligament attachment

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15
Q

Crest

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-narrow, prominent, ridge like projection

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16
Q

Epicondyle

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-projection adjacent to a condyle

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17
Q

Line

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-low ridge

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18
Q

Process

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-Any marked bony prominence

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19
Q

Ramus

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-angular extension of a bone relative to the rest of the structure

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20
Q

Spine (bone marking)

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

pointed, slender process

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21
Q

Trochanter

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-massive, rough projection found only on femur

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22
Q

Tubercle

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

small, round projection

23
Q

Tuberosity

-bone marking category and description

A

Projection

-large, rough projection

24
Q

Canal

-bone marking category and description

A

Opening

passageway through a bone

25
Q

Fissure

-bone marking category and description

A

opening

-narrow, slitlike opening through bone

26
Q

Foramen

-bone marking category and description

A

opening

-rounded passageway through a bone

27
Q

Meatus

-bone marking category and description

A

Opening

-passageway through a bone

28
Q

Sinus

-bone marking category and description

A

cavity or hollow space in a bone

29
Q

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

A

80

30
Q

The skull, vertebral column, ribs and sternum make up which part of the skeleton?

A

Axial

31
Q

the purpose of the skull includes..

A
  • protect and support brain

- provides framework for muscle attachment

32
Q

The skull is composed of what 3 types of structures?

A

8 cranial bones
15 facial
Fontanels

33
Q

List the 8 cranial bones of the skull

A

sphenoid, parietal (2), temporal (2), Occipital, Ethmoid, Frontal

34
Q

Name the 15 facial bones of the skull

A

mandible, maxilla (2), vomer, nasal bones (2), zygomatic bones (2), Lacrimal bones (2), Palatine bones (2), Inferior nasal conchae (2), hyoid bone

35
Q

What is the only bone in the human body that does not articulate with another bone

A

Hyoid bone

36
Q

What are Fontanels

A

soft, mesenchyme filled space between cranial bones of babies.
-form into suture joints of adults

37
Q

What exits from the intervertebral foremen?

A

spinal nerves

38
Q

_______________ is found between the bodies of adjacent vertebrae.

A

fibrocartilage intervertebral disks

39
Q

The lordosis region referes to what?

A
  • cervical and lumbar regions of the spine

- have convex curvature

40
Q

what areas of the spinal curve are concave? What are these regions called?

A

thoracic and sacral regions

Kyphosis.

41
Q

name 3 severe conditions of the spine that result due to exaggeration of the normal spinal curve.

A
  • scoliosis (spine curves left or right)
  • kyphosis (hunch back)
  • lordosis (arched back)
42
Q

The cervical vertebrae form the _______.

A

neck

43
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

Seven.
C1 - atlas
C2 - axis (pivots)
C3-C7

44
Q

The thoracic vertebrae articulate with the _____.

A

ribs

45
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

46
Q

What is the function and shape of the lumbar vertebrae?

A

support lower back

stouter in shape

47
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

48
Q

the sacrum is composed of…

A

5 fused vertebrae (by age 30)

49
Q

the coccyx is composed of…

A

fusion of 4 vertebrae

50
Q

what is the function of the thoracic cage? (3)

A
  • enclose and protect organs
  • support upper limbs
  • assists in breathing
51
Q

what structures for the thoracic cage?

A

sternum
ribs
costal cartilage

52
Q

what are true ribs?

A

attached “directly” to sternum

upper 7 ribs

53
Q

what are false ribs?

A

attach indirectly to sternum (at angle), or do not attache at all (floating ribs)

BIOL 110 (17 decks)

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