Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 110 > Chapter 10 - muscle tissue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - muscle tissue Flashcards

1
Q

muscular abilities (4)

A

excitable- respond to a stimulus
contractable - shorten in length
extensible - extend or stretch
elastic - return to original shape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

5 main functions of muscular tissue

A
  1. create motion by working with nerves, bones, and joints
  2. maintain posture
  3. sphincters - keep substances in one place
  4. peristatic contractions - move substances through tubes by waves of contractions
  5. generate heat - thermogenesis (shivering = involuntary muscle contraction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

skeletal muscle

function, appearance, control

A

location - skeleton
function - movement, posture, health generation
appearance - started, multi-nucleated, parallel fibres
control - voluntary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

components of a skeletal muscle

A

-CT covering muscle units
-Under fascia is the epimysium (surrounds muscles)
Perimysium -  fascicles
Endomysium -  fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

components of a skeletal muscle fiber

A
  • Fiber - a muscle cell
  • Sarcolemma - PM of muscle cell
  • T-tubules - continuation of sarcolemma
  • Sarcoplasmic Reticulum - creates mesh-like structure that ends in the terminal cisternae.
  • Terminal Cisternae holds calcium
  • Sarcoplasm - cytoplasm for muscle cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are muscle fibres built from? name and describe these 3 components.

A
  1. contractile proteins
    - made up of actin and myosin
    - generate muscle contraction
  2. Regulatory proteins
    - troponin and tropomyosin
    - switch the calcium process on and off
  3. structural proteins
    - connectin and dystrophin
    - link MF to PM of sarcolemma
    - keep thick and thin filaments together
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

name and describe the 2 contractile proteins

A
  1. thin filaments - made of the protein actin

2. thick filaments – made of the protein myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do regulatory proteins work?

A

Ca2+ binds to troponin which changes the shape of the troponin-tropomyosin complex and uncovers the myosin binding sites on actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the sliding-filament mechanism?

A

thick and thin filaments slide past one another during muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

explain the process of the sliding0filament mechanism.

A
  • Contraction is initiated when Ca2+ is released into the sarcoplasm
  • Calcium binds to Troponin, moves Tropomyosin off the myosin binding sites
  • Thick and thin can now “slide on one another
  • Sarcomere is shortened
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what produces tension in a muscle?

A

sarcomere shortening produces tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Explain Excitation - Contraction coupling

A
  • EC coupling involves putting it all together
  • Thought process in the brain
  • Action Potential (nerve signal) arrives at the neuro-muscular junction
  • regeneration of action potential alone the sarcolemma
  • Release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Sliding of thick on thin filaments
  • Generate muscle tension = work
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what occurs at the neuromuscular junction

A
  1. activation of motor neuron -acetylcholine (Ach) is released
  2. Ach broken down by acetylcholinesterase
  3. Breakdown and diffusion of Ach out of synaptic cleft
  4. motor endplate has many ligand-gated sodium channels
    * CHECK*
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

sources of muscular energy and duration of produced contraction.

A
  1. stored ATP - 3 secs

2. energy from stored creatine phosphate (easily available) - 12 seconds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

describe aerobic ATP production

A
  • oxidative
  • cellular respiration in mitochondria (1 glucose = 36 ATP)
  • requires oxygen
  • slow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Using anaerobic glucose for energy

A
  • glycolosis
  • glucose + 2 pyruvate = 2 atp
  • no o2, faster, 30-40 seconds
17
Q

characteristics of red muscle fibers

A
  • numerous mitochondiras
  • lots of myoglobin (protein that binds 02)
  • lots of energy stores
  • lots of blood supply
18
Q

characteristics of white muscle fibers

A
  • less myoglobin and mitochondria

- les blood supply

19
Q

characteristics of slow oxidative muscle fibres.

A
  • small
  • dark red
  • least powerful
  • fatigue resistance
20
Q

characteristics of oxidative-glycolytic fibres (FOG)

A
  • Intermediate in size
  • appear pink
  • moderately resistant to fatigue
21
Q

characteristics of fast glycolytic fibres (FG)

A

-Large
-white
-powerful
-Fatigue quickly
(many of these present in body builders)

22
Q

Cardiac Muscle

location, function, appearance, control

A

location - heart
function - continuously pump blood
appearance - striated, one central nucleus
control - involuntary

23
Q

true or false:
In response to a single AP, cardiac muscle contracts 10-15 times longer than skeletal muscle due to prolonged delivery of Ca2+

A

true

24
Q

Visceral (smooth) muscle

location, function, appearance, control

A

location - GI Tract, uterus, eye, blood vessels
function - peristalsis, BP, pupil size, erects hair
appearance - no striations, one central nucleus
control - involuntary

25
Q

cardiac and smooth muscle are both involuntary and _______.

A

autorhythmic

- not controlled by nervous control

26
Q

In terms of energy, how is smooth muscle different from cardiac and skeletal muscle?

A

has a low capacity for generating ATP

27
Q

what is a motor unit composed of?

A

motor neuron and all of the muscle cells it innervates

28
Q

what makes cardiac and smooth muscles contract for long periods of time

A

No Transverse tubules and slow Ca2+ removal = long contractions

29
Q

explain high precision movements

A
  • fewer muscle cells per neutron
    ex) Extraocoular muscles (Eyeball)
    ex) Laryngeal (voice box)
30
Q

explain low precision movements

A
  • more muscle cells per neutron

ex) Thigh muscles (2000-3000 MC innervated by 1 neuron)

31
Q

how does exercising build muscle?

A
  • After intense exercise there is muscle damage including torn sarcolemmas and disrupted Z-discs
  • Responds by building more proteins
  • Muscle fibers undergo repair and more muscle proteins are synthesized
  • More thick and thin filaments (larger, stronger)
  • Don’t get more muscle cells but each cell grows
32
Q

what affect does aging have on muscles?

A
  • slow, progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass that is replaced largely by fibrous connective tissue and adipose tissue
  • Muscle strength at age 85 is about half that at age 25

BIOL 110 (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions