Chapter 11 - muscular system

Question 1

how do muscles produce movements?

Answer 1

by exerting force on tendons which pull on bones (1 bone is stationary and another moves)

Question 2

origin

Answer 2

attachment of a muscle’s tendon to the stationary bone

Question 3

insertion

Answer 3

attachment of movable bone to tendon

Question 4

agonist

Answer 4

prime mover

leader muscle

Question 5

antagonist

Answer 5

stretch and yield to the effects of the prime mover

Question 6

what is the arrangment of agonist and antagonist muscles?

Answer 6

usually on opposite sides of the bone depending on the movement

Question 7

synergists

Answer 7

muscles used to prevent unwanted movements at intermediate joints

Question 8

what do isotonic contractions result in?

Answer 8

movements

Question 9

what are the 2 kinds of isotonic contractions?

Answer 9

1. Concentric isotonic
   - muscle shortens while generating force (muscle tension > resistance)
2. Eccentric isotonic
   - muscle lengthens (muscle tension

Question 10

what so isometric contractions result in?

Answer 10

no movement

• equal muscle force and resistance
• supporting objects in a fixed position
• posture

Question 11

Rectus

Answer 11

parallel to midline

Question 12

Transverse

Answer 12

perpendicular to midline

Question 13

Oblique

Answer 13

diagonal to the midline

Question 14

Maximus

Answer 14

largest

Question 15

minimus

Answer 15

smallest

Question 16

longus

Answer 16

long

Question 17

brevis

Answer 17

short

Question 18

latissimus

Answer 18

wide

Question 19

longissimus

Answer 19

longest

Question 20

magnus

Answer 20

large

Question 21

major

Answer 21

larger

Question 22

minor

Answer 22

smaller

Question 23

vastus

Answer 23

huge

Question 24

deltoid

Answer 24

triangular

Question 25

trapezius

Answer 25

trapezoid

Question 26

serratus

Answer 26

saw-toothed

Question 27

rhomboid

Answer 27

diamond

Question 28

orbicularis

Answer 28

circular

Question 29

pectinate

Answer 29

comb-like

Question 30

piriformis

Answer 30

pear like

Question 31

platys

Answer 31

flat

Question 32

quadratus

Answer 32

square

Question 33

gracilis

Answer 33

slender

Question 34

Body Regions

-mouth, neck, arm, wrist, thumb, buttocks, thigh, great, front, back, towards head, towards feet, superficial and deep

Answer 34

Oris (mouth)
Cervicis (neck)
Brachial (arm)
Carpi (wrist)
Pollicis (thumb)
Gluteal (buttocks)
Femoris (thigh)
Hallucis (greattoe)
Anterior (towards the front)
Posterior/ Dorsal (towards the back)
Superior (close to head)
Inferior (close to the feet)
Superficialis (superficial)
Profundus (deep)

Question 35

How are muscles of facial expression different than other muscles?

Answer 35

pull on skin rather than bone