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Kin 255 > Chapter 8: Obtaining Participant Input > Flashcards

Chapter 8: Obtaining Participant Input Flashcards

1
Q

what step of program planning cycle is participant input

A

step 3

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2
Q

what is participant input

A

where programmers seek participant input into program development

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3
Q

more information programmers have about potential participants’

A

needs, preferences and habits the higher the probability of success

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4
Q

what is the essence of the needs assessment

A

citizen participation in decision making

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5
Q

how do commercial or private organizations obtain participant input

A

typically use different marketing methods and social media input

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6
Q

how do commercial or not-for-profits organizations obtain participant input

A

ideology driven and offer services or programs based on these ideologies
advisory boards and focused participant input techniques used too

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7
Q

how do public agency (government) organizations obtain participant input

A

assessing a larger population (all residents) is necessary
need to be as inclusive as possible to obtain input from entire population

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8
Q

what 2 objectives does needs assessment fulfill

A
  1. helps agencies determine the direction they will take in developing programs
  2. incorporate citizen input into the decision-making process
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9
Q

what will any needs assessment identify

A

more needs than an agency can fulfill

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10
Q

when can a needs assessment be problematic

A
  • there are many needs and none are any more compelling than others
  • people have different opinions on what should be done. often there is no consensus or majority view
  • any needs that emerge need to compete for funding especially in public agencies. Rec competing with fire, police, education
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11
Q

a needs assessment will not lead to

A

a clear course of action a programmer should follow but attempts to narrow down what programs should be offered

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12
Q

needs assessment is an ongoing process

A

collect input -> implement -> evaluate -> back to collect input

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13
Q

needs assessments provide data that enables the agency

A

to better understand the individuals who will be affected by the agency’s actions

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14
Q

needs assessment can assess

A

patron responses to new program proposals

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15
Q

needs assessment can help establish

A

priorities among alternative courses of action

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16
Q

needs

A

a state of deprivation

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17
Q

what do human beings have innate sense for

A

wanting to participate in recreation and leisure activities

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18
Q

programmers do not have to create a need through marketing or advertising

A

because this is innate but they do have to think about where people will have their needs fulfilled

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19
Q

interests

A

an awareness or feeling about what one would like to do or acquire

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20
Q

interests are

A

learned and are influenced by social forces

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21
Q

an individuals self concept can also

A

precipitate interest in a specific activity

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22
Q

wants

A

perceived to be needed- but not necessarily required
a learned behaviour pattern for satisfying specific needs

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23
Q

example of wants

A

individuals need a hockey stick to play hockey, but they want an expensive one

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24
Q

what are wants being shaped by

A

society

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25
Q

satisfying a want usually leads to

A

additonal wants

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26
Q

programmers can satisfy

A

wants

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27
Q

individuals need … but they learn to want to participate in bowling, oil painting or reading to satisfy the higher order, innate needs

A

intrinsically rewarding and stimulating behaviour

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28
Q

intentions

A

the commitment to acquire specific satisfiers of wants under given market conditions

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29
Q

when intending to participate in something,

A

people intend to do so at a given time, location, and price

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30
Q

for recreation planning, what is essential for programmers to understand the number of

A

individuals who intend to participate in a program under a defined market condition

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31
Q

from interest to intention

A

interest in = low level motivation
wants to = stronger motivation
intends to = strong commitment

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32
Q

what does each level from interest to intention imply

A

different levels of motivation participate

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33
Q

due to differences what will patrons at each level require

A

varying promotional efforts to convince them to participate

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34
Q

when interpreting data it is important to note the only individuals

A

intends to category make up the market and create demand for a specific activity

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35
Q

normative needs

A

standards set by professionals or experts
reflect needs of majority

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36
Q

when using normative standards the needs documented is the difference

A

between what a community or neighbourhood may have and what the normative standards suggest they should have

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37
Q

felt needs

A

perceptions about what an individual believes he or she would like to do

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38
Q

what are felt needs

A

needs not being accomodated

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39
Q

what are felt needs shaped by

A

social forces that lead people to think they are lacking in something and need to fulfill it

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40
Q

expressed needs

A

needs that are fulfilled through actual participation

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41
Q

why are expressed needs included as needs

A

because if the supply currently fulfilling the needs were terminated, they would immediately become felt needs again, demanding attention and resources

42
Q

Comparative needs

A

variations in services provided or variation in access to leisure opportunities experienced by different groups
why do they get something that I don’t get?

43
Q

two methods for conducting community needs assessments

A
  1. group approaches
  2. surveys
44
Q

examples of group approaches and surveys

A

citizen advisory committees, public meetings and workshops, unstructured inputs and structures exploratory interviews, surveys and social media

45
Q

citizen advisory committee

A

community residents who are either appointed or elected to a committee whose responsibility is to advise the agency staff or board

46
Q

what can advisory groups be valuable in providing

A

a communication link between the agency and its constituency

47
Q

what is a danger of citizen advisory committee

A

can be people may form groups to lobby for very narrow interests rather than to represent the general public interest

48
Q

positive aspect to citizen advisory committee approach

A

the groups assume that because of their knowledge and interest, they will consider all dimensions of an issue

49
Q

public meetings and workshops

A

a meeting open to the entire community used to solicit input on leisure needs
two way communication to facilitate dialogue about an issue

50
Q

what are public meeting frequently used for soliciting citizen input on

A

policy development, planning issues, budget allocations, or leisure needs or preferences

51
Q

a workshop is a

A

more organized public meeting during which people participate in small discussion groups with a focused agenda

52
Q

with either public meetings or workshops people

A

self-select who attends the meeting
so it is typically people with strong opinions either for or against the issue

53
Q

interviews

A

meeting in which information is obtained
programmers can acquire info from unscheduled and scheduled interviews

54
Q

examples of unscheduled interviews

A

face to face unsolicited comments, tweets, and telephone calls made by constituents to programmers

55
Q

what will supervising program operations programmers do

A

make themselves accessible to public so public can provide info such as complaints, compliments and suggestions

56
Q

what must be prepared for the comments

A

a plan in mind on how to react to them
need to be able to probe for more info whether it is good or badw

57
Q

what must one decide about a comment

A

if it is widespread view of general public or if it is isolated to this one individual

58
Q

schedules interviews are

A

arranged and structured and conducted by an interviewer

59
Q

types of scheduled interviews

A

focus and nominal group interviews

60
Q

what are focus groups used for

A
  • develop hypotheses for further testing
  • provide info for structuring questionnaires
  • provide overall background info on programs
  • solicit patron impressions about new program concepts
  • stimulate new ideas about older programs
  • generate ideas for new programs
  • interpret previously obtained quantitative results
61
Q

focus groups facilitate

A

in depth examination that can lead to new insights into specific problems

62
Q

what is it important to choose for focus groups

A

the right people to be apart of the group

63
Q

what is size of focus group

A

between 6 and 10 people

64
Q

where are focus group interviews help

A

at agency’s facilities, a neutral site, or the participants facilities (such as their home)

65
Q

what does the interview for focus groups need to remain

A

neutral and interviewer does not participate in discussion

66
Q

what is interviewer in focus groups there for

A

ask questions and keep the interview focused

67
Q

after the focus group what does the interviewer do

A

provide a detailed report of their findings including participant views, strength of conviction, and new viewpoints revealed during the interview

68
Q

surveys

A

an excellent method to gather info but poor at giving info to the public

69
Q

a properly conducted survey can be the most

A

representative view of all citizens

70
Q

where is survey typically

A

online, typically on agency website

71
Q

advantages of survey

A

high response rates, convenience, elimination of data entry costs

72
Q

what must programmers do for social media

A

monitor
pay attention to complaints
stay on top of trends

73
Q

monitor social media

A

look at competitor sites to gain insight or new ideas, read comments on competitor’s sites to see what people liked or disliked, see how competitors respond to complaints

74
Q

pay attention to complaints

A

assign a person to monitor your agency’s social media accounts to stay on top of complaints
responses must be timely, calm and professional

75
Q

what can a comprehensive marketing program provide

A

important info regarding programs that individuals desire, the price willing to pay, when and where they desire to participate and how services may be promoted

76
Q

what is marketing

A

set of activities aimed at facilitating and expanding exchanges

77
Q

what is a market

A

set of actual and potential buyers of a product or service

78
Q

what does marketing process depend on

A

good communication conduits between customer and marketer

79
Q

when does marketing exchange occur

A

when 2 or more parties satisfy their needs and wants through the exchange of something of value

80
Q

what do individuals in market desire

A

to obtain a similar product or service that can fulfill a specific need or want

81
Q

what is the challenge for marketers

A

convincing potential customers to become consumers of a specific product

82
Q

market segments

A

markets can be large or small but made up of subgroups (market segments)

83
Q

5 classes of descriptor variables for segmenting leisure markets

A
  1. leisure needs and interests
  2. geographic characteristics
  3. sociodemographic
  4. behavioural area
  5. synchnographic
84
Q

why do agencies segment markets

A

so they can identify and focus on specific groups of individuals or distinct groups of buyers who have different needs, characteristics, or behaviours and who may require different market strategies or mixes

85
Q

market segmenting can go on

A

indefinitely however no agency has the resources to met all identified market segments

86
Q

what must agency’s do with market segmenting

A

make strategic choices about which markets to serve

87
Q

4 criteria that must be met to justify segmenting markets

A
  1. measurable
  2. accessible
  3. sizable
  4. actionable
88
Q

criteria for segmenting: measurable

A

programmer must be able to determine the size, ability of the population to purchase the service, and other differences in market behaviour unique to that segment

89
Q

criteria of segmenting markets: sizable

A

segment must be substantial enough to warrant seperate marketing attention

90
Q

criteria for segmenting markets: actionable

A

does the agency have the resources to treat the segment separately? is the segment likely to respond to separate marketing attention and is their unique characteristic likely to remain stable?

91
Q

target marketing

A

market segments with whim the agency desires to have exchanges

92
Q

what is the main reason to segment markets

A

to determine whether the market should bet targeted as a whole or whether specific segments should be handled differently

93
Q

how do marketers influence the target market through

A

the marketing mix

94
Q

marketing mix

A

set of controllable marketing variables that the agency blends to produce the response desired in the target market

95
Q

what variables are controllable and apart of marketing mix

A

product, price, promotion, and place

96
Q

for what can a different marketing mix be developed

A

for each target market

97
Q

product

A

describes the service, product, experience, or facility the agency is developing, making, staging or constructing for the client

98
Q

price

A

price at which product is sold, including zero price, will affect consumption

99
Q

promotion

A

promotion of product can be different depending on who you target market is

100
Q

place

A

distribution services including the day, time and location of service

Kin 255 (13 decks)

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