Chapter 3: Program Concepts

Question 1

6 key elements that affect the interaction of individuals in leisure opportunities

Answer 1

1. interacting people
2. physical setting
3. leisure objects
4. structure
5. relationships
6. animation

Question 2

to develop leisure services what must the programmer consider or manage

Answer 2

the 6 key elements to provide opportunities for participants to actively engage their environment

Question 3

what is the effect of the 6 elements on the program

Answer 3

fundamentally important
a change in any one element changes the situation of the program

Question 4

what does changing one of the key elements do

Answer 4

can be unique way of creating new programs or refreshing old programs

Question 5

1. interacting people

Answer 5

who is the program for?

Question 6

what 2 important aspects does the programmer need to consider (interacting people)

Answer 6

1. physical, social and psychological development of participants
2. gender, age, skill level and other pertinent info about participants

Question 7

when considering two important aspects what are programmers required to do (interacting people)

Answer 7

a) anticipate who participants will be and design a program to suit them
b) design the program for a specific type of participant and then recruit participants

Question 8

what must the programmer understand (interacting people)

Answer 8

• needs of different age groups
• that programs that are targeted towards specific group will be more successful
• the more you understand about your participants the more successful the program will be

Question 9

infancy

Answer 9

newborn - 2 years old

Question 10

characteristics of infancy

Answer 10

• dependent on parents/care givers
• development
• bonding

Question 11

preschool

Answer 11

3-4 years old

Question 12

characteristics of preschool age

Answer 12

• child centered play
• careful supervision
• gross motor development
• short attention span
• need for immediate gratification

Question 13

childhood

Answer 13

5-11 years old

Question 14

characteristics of childhood

Answer 14

• increased social skills
• awareness of others
• fine motor skill development
• creativity and competency

Question 15

what is the difference between preschooler and childhood play

Answer 15

preschoolers often play alone but around others
children start to play together

Question 16

adolescence

Answer 16

12-18 years old

Question 17

characteristics of adolescence

Answer 17

• finding meaningful relationships
• social awkwardness
• peer acceptance
• autonomy often spurs conflict between adolescence and parents

Question 18

what is an attractor for adolescence

Answer 18

food

Question 19

adulthood

Answer 19

19-60 years old

Question 20

characteristics of adutlhood

Answer 20

• wisdom and expertise develop with learning and knowledge
• social commitments may involve children, work, and civic responsibilities

Question 21

older adulthood

Answer 21

60+

Question 22

characteristics of older adulthood

Answer 22

• marked by age-related physical and biological changes
• retirement influenced by factors of socio-economic status

Question 23

example of activities for older adult

Answer 23

art, technology, games, health, dancing, walking

Question 24

cohort

Answer 24

a group of individuals who were born in the same time interval

Question 25

demographics

Answer 25

data relating to the population and particular groups within it
a source of secondary research
ex) gender, age, socioeconomic status

Question 26

macro segmentation

Answer 26

developing programs for a cohort of individuals who are seeking similar benefits from participation in recreation programs

Question 27

micro segmentation

Answer 27

cohorts of people identified by using variables from one of 3 categories

Question 28

what are 3 categories of micro-segmentation

Answer 28

1. geographic (neighborhood, block party)
2. sociodemographic (preschool program)
3. behavioural descriptors (usage rate, regular at restaurant, masters, beginners)

Question 29

2. physical setting

Answer 29

includes one or more of sensory components:
- visual
- aural
- olfactory
- tactile
- taste

Question 30

if the setting of a program changes what happens

Answer 30

the program itself will change

Question 31

why duplicating a successful program in different setting might it fail

Answer 31

setting is sometimes so important

Question 32

why must setting be adequate for the program

Answer 32

some setting are not suitable for certain activities

Question 33

what does manipulating a setting do

Answer 33

can alter space to become more suitable for a specific activity to have it be more successful
ex) add or remove table and chairs, different types of flooring, decorations

Question 34

the more the physical setting is altered

Answer 34

the more expensive the alteration becomes
ex) hockey arena to concert

Question 35

3 types of leisure objects

Answer 35

physical, social, symbolic

Question 36

what type of objects are necessary for program to occur and be successful

Answer 36

only the key objects
ex) to play game of baseball a bat and ball are essential
umpire and cleats are not essential to play

Question 37

4. structure

Answer 37

a set of rules and program formats that guide interaction in a program
ex) must be certain height or age

Question 38

what can well written rules foster

Answer 38

perceived freedom

Question 39

examples of types of formats/structures

Answer 39

• workshops, clinics, classes
• competitions
• clubs
• special events
• drop in

Question 40

5. relationships

Answer 40

how do relationships affect the program?

Question 41

if necessary for participants to have a relationship what can you do

Answer 41

do ice breakers or other activities to introduce participants

Question 42

if relationships are not neccessary to success of program what should you do

Answer 42

do not force relationships

Question 43

what can programmers not assume about relationships

Answer 43

that it is best to always foster or create relationships between individuals who attend an event

Question 44

6. animation

Answer 44

how the program is set into motion?
how do individuals participate in the program?

Question 45

examples of things that animate the program

Answer 45

leader, self guided tours, map, trails, audio guided tour

Question 46

what can a good leader do

Answer 46

can make a program successful
repeat attempts of same program with a different instructor may fail

Question 47

what are all programs

Answer 47

variations of the 6 key elements