Chapter 12: Creative Programming

Question 1

constant demand for

Answer 1

new products and services, and innovative methods for implementing them

Question 2

top 5 sources for new program ideas include

Answer 2

1. citizen suggestions
2. media
3. other agency brochures
4. needs assessments
5. creativity sessions

Question 3

a change in any one 6 key elements results in

Answer 3

a new program

Question 4

a program is new if its

Answer 4

patron has not previously experienced it
new means new to the patron group not necessarily the programmer, staff or world

Question 5

what facilitates the creative process

Answer 5

having a good definition of the problem or well-developed program design outcomes

Question 6

creativity and innovation occur as the

Answer 6

cumulative result of activity conducted in four phases: problem definition, generation of approaches, exploration and interpretation, innovation

Question 7

what should lead to creative, novel ideas

Answer 7

the first three phases - problem definition, idea generation, and interpretation of ideas
programmer must transform into something tangible and useful

Question 8

innovation is

Answer 8

verifying the applicability of new ideas generated for solving the program design problem and experimenting with methods of implementing them

Question 9

entire creative process is constrained by

Answer 9

known limitations of the program (any of 6 key elements)

Question 10

4 phases of the creative process

Answer 10

• problem definition
• generation of approaches
• exploration and interpretation
• innovation

Question 11

phase 1

Answer 11

problem definition

Question 12

goal of problem definition

Answer 12

to develop a statement of the problem
the difference between the way things are and the way the programmer believes they ought to be or desires them to be in the future

Question 13

what questions are asked in phase 1 when programmers trying to understand underlying problems

Answer 13

what is known? what is unknown? what assumptions underlie the problem?

Question 14

what may they analyze during phase 1

Answer 14

other data including needs assessments, market studies, observations of successful and unsuccessful program operations and other similar sources

Question 15

once all info gathered in phase 1

Answer 15

must be analyzed to determine the ultimate problem
programmers use different techniques to further understanding of problem

Question 16

what is one way to further understand problem

Answer 16

through trying to unlearn
removing mental blocks that keep us from seeing things in a new way

Question 17

how do programmers unlearn something

Answer 17

use techniques that force them to look at things in a new way by changing the question, using different words to ask same question, or denying there is a problem in the first place

Question 18

what is critical to finding the best solution

Answer 18

having a good understanding of the problem

Question 19

final phase is to

Answer 19

write a statement of the problem

Question 20

what should these statements be written up with

Answer 20

fewest restrictions possible and thus enhance, rather than inhibit the generation of novel approaches

Question 21

good problem statement example

Answer 21

to develop a 1 week special event to serve as the finale of a summer sports camp for boys and girl 8-12 years old

Question 22

better problem statement

Answer 22

to develop a program for working mothers with children 1-3 years of age to provide them with quality interaction time with their children

Question 23

why is better problem statement better

Answer 23

leaves most room for creative discovery and innovation because it is a less specific problem statement

Question 24

phase 2

Answer 24

generation of approaches

Question 25

goal of phase 2

Answer 25

to generate novel approaches
some of the key creative efforts include to be impractical and irrational, to be playful, to suspend judgment and facilitate a free flow of imagination, and to relax and spend time

Question 26

different techniques for phase 2

Answer 26

matrix analysis
brainstorming
letting our minds wander
analogies

Question 27

matrix analysis

Answer 27

3-D matric that shows the programmer, through logical extension , where to look for new program ideas

Question 28

how does matrix analysis do

Answer 28

cross tabulating life cycle stages, program formats, and activity types, the programmer documents existing services and concurrently identifies voids to be filled with new services

Question 29

brainstorming

Answer 29

used for generating a large number of ideas

Question 30

letting our minds wander

Answer 30

setting time aside for the mind to wander completely and to be free of the conceptual discipline imposed by analytical and linear thinking techniques

Question 31

analogies

Answer 31

require the programmer to find a correspondence between dissimilar things by thinking in a way that makes the familiar strange and the strange familiar

Question 32

examples of analogies

Answer 32

how would superman develop the program? how might a surgeon approach the program

Question 33

phase 3

Answer 33

exploration and interpretation

Question 34

goal of phase 3

Answer 34

to synthesize the approaches generated in phase 2 into an acceptable solution

Question 35

how does programmer accomplish goal of phase 3 exploration and interpretation

Answer 35

by exploring and interpreting the feasibility of the ideas generated in the previous phase for solving the programming problem

Question 36

creative efforts in phase 3 requires programmers to

Answer 36

rearrange ideas to make seemingly diverse elements converge

Question 37

what may be useful for contemplating phase 3

Answer 37

various types of analogies and projective imagery

Question 38

method involves the programmer using analogical positions in phase 3

Answer 38

to shift the context of an experience to test the applicability of approaches

Question 39

analogical positions include

Answer 39

personal analogy
direct analogy
symbolic analogy
fantasy analogy

Question 40

personal analogy

Answer 40

place yourself at center of program and identify how each novel approach would contribute to your leisure experience in a program
how might paradoxes, problems or conflicts be combine and resolved

Question 41

direct analogy

Answer 41

draw a direct comparison to another event

Question 42

symbolic analogy

Answer 42

try to find the symbolic essence of the approaches

Question 43

fantasy analogy

Answer 43

can go beyond objective reality, what would the program be like if operated for the flintstone family? what would a star wars production program be like

Question 44

after giving these analogies your best effort what do programmers do

Answer 44

flip and get dissatisfied with everything
change it all to see what happens
adapt, modify, magnify, minify, substitute, rearrange, reverse, or combine concepts

Question 45

phase 4

Answer 45

innovation

Question 46

goal of phase 4: innovation

Answer 46

to be innovative and shape the proposed solution into a feasible program

Question 47

what does design thinking of phase 4 encourage

Answer 47

prototyping solutions so that the programmer can test them

Question 48

the programmer can “test” their programs by

Answer 48

vicariously experiencing the program step-by-step as if participating in it, seeing it, touching it

Question 49

how do pprogrammers imagine themselves not as designers but as participants

Answer 49

through projective imagery

Question 50

what does the programmer have to ensure about the solution

Answer 50

that it solves the original problem for it to be a success