Chapter 8 - Mood Disorders and Suicide Flashcards
imagined loss
the individual unconsciously interprets other types of events as severe loss events ex. argument with friend
why is clinical depression different
longer duration and more severe
Types of mood disorders
unipolar and bipolar
what is unipolar?
depression
what is bipolar?
depressive and manic symptoms
how long must the symptoms for major depressive disorder be present
for at least two weeks
how much more time do individuals that meet the criteria for symptoms of major depressive disorder require to sleep?
more than an hour to fall asleep every night
depressive disorders
involve a change in mood in the direction of depression
bipolar and related disorders
involve periods of depression cycling with periods of mania
symptoms of major depressive disorder
1) persistent low mood and/or lack of enjoyment in activities
2) changes in weight
3) changes in mood
4) agitation/retardation
5) tired/low energy
6) feeling worthless/ excessive guilt
7) trouble concentrating/indecisive
8) trouble concentrating/indecisive
9) suicidal thoughts
how many symptoms must be present for MDD?
5
symptoms of MDD classification
must show persistent sad mood and/or lack of pleasure or enjoyment in activities for at least two weeks and must be accompanied by 4 other symptoms
how much of the population does MDD affect
5%
gender differences in MDD
twice as common in women
average time episodes last
6-9 months, can last for years though
average age onset for MDD
early twenties to mid-twenties (early adulthood/teenage years)
gender differences data study showed
equal rates of depression for both sexes throughout childhood then begin to diverge at about age 10
do most individuals with MDD suffer from one or more additional mental disorders?
yes - most common is anxiety disorders
persistent depressive disorder/ dysthymia
chronic low mood, lasting for at least two years along with three associated symptoms (full criteria of MDD has been met)
what are some symptoms for PDD
1) changes in eating
2) changes in sleep
3) tired/low energy
4) low self-esteem
5) trouble concentrating/indecisive
6) feeling hopeless
prevalence of PDD
3%
differences between PDD and MDD
PDD has the following: higher levels of impairment, younger age of onset, higher rates of comorbidity, a stronger family history of psychiatric disorder, lower levels of social support, higher levels of stress, and higher levels of dysfunctional personality traits, and treatment response
Mania
distinct period of elevated, expansive, or irritable mood that lasts at least one week and is accompanied by at least 2 symptoms
symptoms of mania
1) grandiosity
2) decreased need for sleep
3) talkative
4) racing thoughts
5) distractable
6) increased goal-directed behaviour or psychomotor agitation
7) involvement in activities with high change of negative consequences
8) increased energy