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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 16 - Aging and Mental Health > Flashcards

Chapter 16 - Aging and Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

baby boomers

A

people who were born within 20 years following the end of WWII in 1945

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2
Q

what are some causes of reduction in mortality among younger and oder adults

A

advances in public health, workplace safety, newly developed and more effective medications and surgical procedures

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3
Q

proportions of older adults increasing means what

A

more older adults with mental disorders

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4
Q

what personality characteristics are associated with positive health and increase over a person’s lifespan

A

careful, vigilant, agreeableness and emotional stability

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5
Q

paradox of aging

A

positive mental health among older adults who would normal be considered vulnerable

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6
Q

period effect

A

influence of particular historical periods or events on people ex. 9/11

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7
Q

cohort effect

A

people born at roughly the same time is a cohort, so cohort effect is differences in age cohort. results in unique social and historical events they have experienced

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8
Q

gerentologists

A

professionals from a wide variety of disciplines with expertise in aging

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9
Q

normal aging

A

normal process of body systems slowing down that cause some systems to stop functioning - person dies of old age instead of disease

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10
Q

what factors can complicate diagnosis

A

1) symptoms of mental disorders can be due to age rather than psychological factors
2) more likely to have comorbid chronic physical illnesses
3) older adults are especially likely to be taking multiple medications for such illnesses

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11
Q

polypharmacy

A

use of multiple medications

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12
Q

selective optimization with compensation

A

in context of normal aging and absence of pathology, old age brings losses of abilities and skills

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13
Q

what are three things successful aging holds according to SOC

A

1) selecting goals and goal priorities
2) optimizing resources that facilitate these goals
3) using alternative means to achieving one’s goals despite limited capacities

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14
Q

socio-emotional selectivity theory

A

when we perceive time as unlimited our goals will be future-oriented and we will focus our energy on expanding our knowledge and horizons

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15
Q

strength and vulnerability integration theory

A

aging is associated with an increased ability to regulate emotions

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16
Q

are older women or men more likely to commit suicide

A

men - 5x more likely

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17
Q

are older or younger individuals more successful in committing suicide?

A

older adults

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18
Q

older clinically depressed individuals are more likely to report what

A

weight loss, other somatic symptoms

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19
Q

older clinically depressed individuals are less likely to report what

A

sadness, worthlessness, guilt

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20
Q

neurocognitive disorders

A

most common mental disorder in older adults in which sufferers lose their memory, judgement, reason, personal dignity and sense of self

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21
Q

five major diagnostic issues faced by physicians

A

1) time constraint
2) complexity of late-life depression
3) lack of specific diagnostic criteria for older adults
4) physical comorbidity masking depressive symptoms
5) lack of knowledge about available and effective treatment options for older adults

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22
Q

drug interaction

A

interactive effects of multiple medications

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23
Q

insomnia disorder

A

difficulty falling asleep, frequent awakenings, shortened sleep, and non-restorative sleep

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24
Q

restless legs syndrome

A

urge to move one’s legs, unpleasant sensations, sensations worsen during periods of inactivity, movement relieving urge and unpleasantness, sensations worsen during night

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25
Q

sleep apnea

A

episodes of loss of breathing for up to 10 minutes

26
Q

how many episodes of sleep apnea must occur in an hour for diagnosis

A

5 times

27
Q

what does sleep apnea result in

A

hypoxemia and wakenings from sleep

28
Q

late onset schizophrenia

A

first appears after age of 45, less likely to have disorganized speech, lack of logical thought, and flattened affect

29
Q

more common in late onset schizophrenia

A

hallucinations and delusions will be more bizarre

30
Q

delirium

A

acute onset of disturbances in attention, orientation memory, thinking, perception and behaviour

31
Q

what can delirium result in if left untreated

A

rapid deterioration and premature death

32
Q

risk factors of delirium - what causes it

A

metabolic, infectious, structural, drug overdose/withdrawal, acute strokes, exposure to toxic substances

33
Q

causes of neurocognitive diseases

A

Alzheimer’s disease, vascular disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Lewy body disease etc.

34
Q

pseudo-dementia

A

disorders that produce cognitive impairment that can be reversed

35
Q

mild cognitive impairment

A

boundary zone between normal cognition functioning and dementia, deficits in one cognitive domain (usually memory)but are still able to function independently

36
Q

MCI diagnostic criteria

A

1) memory complaints mentioned by family members or other people
2) objective evidence of impaired short-term memory
3) normal cognitive functioning
4) unimpaired social/occupational functioning
5) no major NCD

37
Q

individuals with MCI are at high risk for what

A

NCD

38
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

most common cause of NCD, most common mental disorders among older adults

39
Q

early stage of AD

A

exhibit memory difficulties, problems with concentration, unclear thinking, and mild difficulty finding words

40
Q

middle stage of AD

A

existing symptoms become more severe and more may occur - short term memory problems worsen, language difficulties become more noticeable, difficult with purposeful motor movements

41
Q

treatment for AD NCD

A

drugs that will reverse, stop, slow down process, psychotherapy

42
Q

Vascular NCD

A

arteries that supply the brain are partly blocked - causing a stroke

43
Q

brain lesion

A

area of damaged cortex due to vascular damage

44
Q

gender differences in vascular NCD

A

higher in men than women - increases with age

45
Q

treatment for vascular NCD

A

managing the risk factors of future cerebrovascular events - lifestyle changes and medication

46
Q

NCD with lewy bodies

A

type of dementia characterized by Parkinsonism, visual hallucination, fluctuating alertness or cognition

47
Q

Frontotemporal NCD

A

changes in personality or social conduct as well as deficits in higher-order cognitive abilities

48
Q

as people get older they become more vulnerable in

A

physically, psychologically, independence

49
Q

as people get older they become more resilient in

A

mental health problems, life satisfaction, emotional stability

50
Q

successful aging

A

longevity is necessary but not sufficient

51
Q

factors affecting successful aging

A

biological factors - biological reserve, cognitive reserve, mild stress
psychological factors - adaptability, positive attitudes, optimism, resilience, purpose in life
social factors - social interaction, social support

52
Q

biological reserve

A

amount of damage to brain tissue that can be withstood while preserving functioning

53
Q

cognitive reserve

A

brain’s ability to adapt to damage

54
Q

treatment in older adults for mood/anxiety disorders

A

psychotherapy and medication

55
Q

presentation of delirium

A

hypoactive more than hyperactive

56
Q

delirium risk factors

A

male, 65+ years old, multiple medications, dementia, fracture, dehydration, drug use

57
Q

etiology of AD

A

plaques/neurofibrillary tangles, atrophy of the cortex, APOE gene (especially in women)

58
Q

etiology of frontotemporal NCD

A

damage to frontal and/or temporal lobes - often affects younger adults

59
Q

treatment for frontotemporal NCD

A

no cure or medications to slow progression

60
Q

lewy body NCD etiology

A

lewy bodies in the brain - interrupt the brain’s messages

61
Q

treatment for NCD etiology

A

medication to manage symptoms

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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