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Abnormal Psychology > Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Eating Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

development of morbid fears of fatness, perceive themselves as fat, and reduce their food intake to the point of the state of being abnormally thin or weak

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2
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

periods of food restriction alternate with periods of binge eating, where excessive amounts of food are consumed

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3
Q

binge-eating disorder

A

rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating despite not being hungry, eating alone because of embarrassment etc. and then feeling guilty or disgust

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4
Q

what kind of fear do people with anorexia have

A

intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat

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5
Q

ARFID

A

characterized by a feeding disturbance that leads to being underweight and/or an inability to eat enough food to meet nutritional/energy needs

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6
Q

purging

A

self-induced vomiting, laxative abuse, or abuse of enemas or diuretics

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7
Q

objective binge

A

consists of eating a large amount of food in a specific time period

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8
Q

subjective binge

A

small or normal amounts of food during these episodes

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9
Q

what kind of binge eating do bulimic individuals engage in

A

objective binge eating

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10
Q

BMI

A

weight in kilos/height in metres squared

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11
Q

restricting type

A

attain extremely low body weights through strict dieting and sometimes excessive exercise

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12
Q

binge-eating/purging type

A

engage in strict dieting, sometimes excessive exercise but also regular binge eating/purging behaviors

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13
Q

what two things is bulimia nervosa characterized by

A

1) eating in a 2 hour period and an amount of food that is deemed more than normal
2) sense of lack of control over eating during episode

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14
Q

eating disorder examination

A

structured clinical interview for diagnosing eating disorders that has good reliability and validity

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15
Q

lanugo

A

fine downy hair - may grow on on the body in order to maintain body warmth

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16
Q

amenorrhea

A

absence of at least three consecutive periods

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17
Q

what disorder does amenorrhea occur the most in

A

anorexia nervosa

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18
Q

Russell’s sign

A

scrapes or calluses on the backs of hands or knuckles

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19
Q

what disorder does Russell’s sign occur most in

A

bulimia nervosa

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20
Q

what is considered a casual risk factor for the development of an eating disorder

A

thin media images

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21
Q

do individuals with anorexia or bulimia have more negative schemas?

A

yes

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22
Q

precipitating factors

A

events or situations that trigger the eating disorder

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23
Q

perpetuating factors

A

physical and psychological symptoms that serve to maintain the disorder such as reduced basal metabolic rate, depression, social isolation etc.

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24
Q

best biological treatment for bulimia nervosa

A

CBT and antidepressant medication

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25
Q

first priority for a patient with anorexia nervosa

A

restore body weight to a healthy minimal level

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26
Q

what can self-help manuals be used for

A

1) for individuals who might not otherwise have access to expert help or may be too embarrassed to access help
2) conjunction with guidance by a non-specialist professional such as a nurse or family doctor
3) as a first step to treatment slivery and for treatment that may be more intense

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27
Q

history of eating disorders

A

prior to 60s - few eating disorders
60s-70s - increase in cases of anorexia
late 70s - bulimia nervosa
2013 - bing eating disorder

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28
Q

symptoms of anorexia nervosa

A

low body weight, fear of gaining weight, body image disturbance

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29
Q

symptoms of bulimia nervosa

A

objective binge eating episodes, inappropriate compensatory behaviour, undue influence of body shape/weight on self evaluation, not exclusively during AN

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30
Q

how long must symptoms show for BN

A

at least a week for three months

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31
Q

are people with BN usually normal weight or slight overweight?

A

yes

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32
Q

BED symptoms

A

eating more rapidly, eating until uncomfortably full, eating large amounts when not hungry, eating alone because embarrassed by amount, feeling disgusted/depressed/or very guilty afterwards

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33
Q

requirements for BED

A
  • recurrent binge eating at least once a week for three months
  • at least three symptoms
  • no regular use of inappropriate compensatory behaviours
  • not during BN or AN
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34
Q

is ARFID due to weight or shape concerns or body image disturbance

A

no

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35
Q

criteria for other eating disorders

A
  • atypical AN, BN/BED with low frequency or limited duration, purging disorder, night-eating disorder
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36
Q

are eating disorders more prevalent in men or women

A

women - 2-3x more common

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37
Q

age onset of AN

A

19

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38
Q

age onset of BN

A

20

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39
Q

age onset of BED

A

25

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40
Q

are interviews more accurate than self-report measures

A

yes

41
Q

complications of AN

A

osteoporosis, heart problems, lethargy, hair loss, sensitivity to cold, lanugo, amenorrhea, kidney failure etc

42
Q

consequences of starvations

A

emotional instability, inability to focus, decreased heart rate, lethargy, etc.

43
Q

complications of BN

A

dental problems, electrolyte imbalance, heart and kidney problems, obesity etc

44
Q

complications of BED

A

obesity, risk of diabetes, heart disease, sleep apnea

45
Q

associated features of AN

A

Social withdrawal
Irritability
Preoccupation with food
Depression

46
Q

subtypes of AN

A

restrictive and binge-eating purging

47
Q

Compensatory behaviours

A

Fasting
Excessive exercise
Purging

48
Q

What types of binges take place in BN

A

objective

49
Q

Are compensatory behaviours used in BED

A

no not regularly

50
Q

most common eating disorder

A

BED

51
Q

second most common eating disorder

A

BN

52
Q

Weight of anorexic patients

A

BMI under 18

53
Q

Rarest eating disorder

A

AN

54
Q

Which disorder shows the most gender differences

A

AN

55
Q

Which disorder shows the least gender differences

A

BN

56
Q

What eating behaviours do men participate in the most

A

Binge-eating and excessive exercise

57
Q

Which male group reports the highest level of symptoms

A

middle aged men

58
Q

Restrictions in AN

A

Amount of food

Type of food

59
Q

recovery rate in BN

A

50% no symptoms

20% show no change in symptoms

60
Q

How many ED diagnosis can you have at one time

A

one at a time

61
Q

etiology of eating disorders

A

Genetics
Neurotransmitter deregulation
Pre-existing obesity
Psychosocial factors

62
Q

biological factors of eating disorders

A 
Genetics (50%) 
Neurotransmitter deregulation (Dysfunctional serotonin activity)
63
Q

differential diagnosis

A

Must rule out medical reasons for symptoms and MDD

64
Q

What differentiations must be made to diagnosis

A

Is it BN or binge-eating/purging AN?

Is it BED or BN? Are compensations excessive and inappropriate?

65
Q

Psychosocial factors of EDs

A

Physical/ sexual abuse

Personality characteristics

66
Q

Personality characteristics that influence development of EDs

A 
Perfectionism 
Neuroticism 
Punishment avoidance 
Sensitivity to social rewards 
Negative urgency 
Low extraversion 
Level of Impulsivity
67
Q

Neuroticism

A

personality trait characterized by anxiety, fear, moodiness, worry, envy, frustration, jealousy, and loneliness.

68
Q

Negative urgency

A

Tendency to act rashly when distressed

69
Q

extraversion

A

Measure of outgoingness and social ability of a person

70
Q

family factors

A

Family history of EDs
High parental expectations
Transmission of pathological values (value on weight and attractiveness)
Miscommunication (Mothers can give false/ inaccurate info)
Family relationships

71
Q

sociocultural factors

A

Thin ideal

Thin ideal > increased body dissatisfaction > increased risk of disorder

72
Q

How does the media portray eating disorders

A

Young White females
Rarely discuss bad aspects
Never see biological/genetic reasons for the disorder

73
Q

Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa

A 
Family based treatments (Most Effective) 
CBT for relapse prevention 
Focal psychoanalytical therapy 
Motivational interviewing 
Specialist supported clinical management
74
Q

Family based treatment

A

3 phases involving family

  1. Weight restoration
  2. Return of eating control
  3. Promote normal development (Non-weight based identity)
75
Q

Who is family based treatment effective for

A

Teens

76
Q

Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa

A 
CBT (Most Effective) 
Interpersonal therapy 
Family-based treatment 
Motivational enhancement 
Dialectical behaviour treatment
77
Q

CBT for BN

A

Reduce dysfunctional dieting
Develop skills to deal with high risk situations
Modify thoughts and feelings about shape and weight

78
Q

How does CBT reduce dysfunctional dieting

A

Promote moderation

Nothing is completely good food or bad food

79
Q

Theory behind CBT for BN

A

Dietary restriction + negative emotions = binge-eating/purging

80
Q

Treatment of BED

A 
CBT 
Interpersonal therapy 
Behavioural weight loss 
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (Most Effective) 
Motivational interviewing
81
Q

Behavioural Weight loss

A

There is a good and bad foods list

Evidence based treatment

82
Q

dialectical behaviour therapy

A

Emotion regulation

3 Components

83
Q

components of DBT

A

Group Skills Training
Individual Therapy
Telephone Coaching

84
Q

goals of DBT in BED

A

Mindfulness
Distress Tolerance
Emotion Regulation
Interpersonal Effectiveness

85
Q

what is mindfulness in DBT

A

Learn that negative emotions are brief states

86
Q

Distress Tolerance in DBT

A

Learn skills to help yourself through a crisis

87
Q

Emotion Regulation in DBT

A

Reduce vulnerability to negative emotions

88
Q

Interpersonal Effectiveness in DBT

A

Develop relationship skills

89
Q

levels of prevention

A

Universal
Selected
Indicated

90
Q

universal prevention

A

Targets cultural attitudes and practices

Main focus are public institutions and public policies

91
Q

Selected Prevention

A

Targets high risk groups

92
Q

indicated prevention

A

Targets people showing early warning signs

Girls with high weight/shape concerns

93
Q

Dissonance-based Prevention programs

A

Have people critique the thin ideal

Reduce discrepancy between beliefs and actions

94
Q

What levels of prevention are most effective

A

indicated and Selected

95
Q

Which group benefits the most from prevention programs

A

adolescents

96
Q

Are interactive or presentation(didatic) based prevention more effective

A

interactive

97
Q

types of binges in AN

A

subjective

98
Q

Should prevention focus on teaching about EDs

A

More effective when they are focused on body acceptance

Abnormal Psychology (14 decks)

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