Chapter 8: Genetics & Breeding Colony Management

Question 1

True or False

Ferrets, cats, and rabbits are common laboratory animal species that are induced ovulators

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False
For the purposes of artificial insemination in small rodents, sperm is collected directly from the testes following euthanasia

Answer 2

False

It is collected directly from the ductus deferens and epididymis

Question 3

True or False

A breeding colony, transformation colony, and reproduction colony are needed to establish inbred colonies

Answer 3

False

Foundation colony, expansion colony, and production colony

Question 4

True or False

Environmental factors that may affect breeding programs include light cycle, temperature, humidity, and noise

Answer 4

True

Question 5

The _____ refers to all genes in an organism

Answer 5

Genome

Question 6

A ________ is a fertilized egg

Answer 6

Zygote

Question 7

List the five categories of phenotypes

Answer 7

1- visible 
2- behavioral
3- demonstrable 
4- inducible 
5- physiological

Question 8

In what type of mating system is one female bred with one male?

Answer 8

Monogamous

Question 9

What is the difference between intensive and no intensive breeding?

Answer 9

Intensive: the male stays with the female continuously

Question 10

Breeding animals that are unrelated or only distantly related is called ________

Answer 10

Outbreeding

Question 11

Breeding animals that are related and have minimum genetic variation is called _______

Answer 11

Inbreeding

Question 12

List the four stages of the estrous cycle

Answer 12

1- proestrus
2- estrus
3- metestrus
4- diestrus

Question 13

To freeze at very low temperatures embryos, sperm cells, or ovaries

Answer 13

Cryopreservation

Question 14

The time from when an egg is fertilized to birth

Answer 14

Gestation

Question 15

The Union of eggs and sperm outside the body

Answer 15

In vitro fertilization

Question 16

Manually placing semen into the reproductive tract of a female in heat

Answer 16

Artificial insemination

Question 17

The birth of the young at the natural end of gestation

Answer 17

Parturition

Question 18

Difficult birth

Answer 18

Dystocia

Question 19

The long period between breeding seasons in some animal species such as dogs and cats is referred to as _______

Answer 19

Anestrus

Question 20

Give the Guide’s definition of animal biosecurity

Answer 20

All measures to control known or unknown infections in laboratory animals

Question 21

Embryo _______ involves taking fertilized eggs or embryos from animals that may have pathogens and then surgically implanting them for gestation in to female that is free of pathogens

Answer 21

Rederivation

Question 22

________ ovulators only ovulate in response to copulation

Answer 22

Induced

Question 23

Genetic testing that can tell which genes an animal possesses

Answer 23

Genotyping

Question 24

The animal in which the mutation occurs differs from other animals of that strain, usually by a single mutant gene

Answer 24

Coisogenic animal

Question 25

Animal that contains some cells with the new gene and some without the new gene

Answer 25

Chimera

Question 26

Mice that have DNA from a different source inserted into their genome

Answer 26

Transgenic

Question 27

Original animals with the desired DNA

Answer 27

Founders

Question 28

Location of chromosomes

Answer 28

Cell nucleus

Question 29

A targeted mutation in which new genes are inserted

Answer 29

Knockin

Question 30

Different versions of the same gene

Answer 30

Alleles

Question 31

Structures that contains genes

Answer 31

Chromosomes

Question 32

Physical traits that are a result of the underlying genetic makeup

Answer 32

Phenotype

Question 33

Strain that is constructed by selectively mating an animal carrying the mutation of interest to an inbred animal from a strain of choice

Answer 33

Congenic animal

Question 34

Animals used for research

Answer 34

Production colony

Question 35

Actual genetic makeup

Answer 35

Genotype

Question 36

Strands that form chromosomes

Answer 36

DNA