Chapter 11: Research Methodologies

Question 1

True or False

Some experimental animals have been genetically manipulated to induce specific immune system deficiencies

Answer 1

True

Question 2

True or False

Nude mice are more susceptible to infections because they are hairless

Answer 2

False

More susceptible because they lack a thymus

Question 3

True or False
Housing animals that are gentically immunocompromised requires no social protection if the animals are obtained from a supplier that provides adequate testing to ensure the animals are germ-fee at the time of delivery

Answer 3

False

They require social housing and husbandry practices

Question 4

True or False

Irradiation of research animals is done only to eliminate certain types of cancer

Answer 4

False

Irradiation provides a method of inducing immunosuppression

Question 5

True or False
A preimmunization blood sample should be collected to identify whether polyclonal antibodies are present before an antigen is injected

Answer 5

True

Question 6

True or False
For adjuvants, small multiple-site injections are more favorable for producing an adequate antibody response and may be better tolerate than a single large injection

Answer 6

True

Question 7

True or False

Some strains of inbred rodents have a high incidence of spontaneously developing naturally occurring cancers

Answer 7

True

Question 8

_______ is the science of poisons and the harmful or noxious effects of these substances have on living organisms

Answer 8

Toxicology

Question 9

How long should a subacute study last?

Answer 9

1 month

Question 10

How long should a subchrinic study last?

Answer 10

3 months

Question 11

How long should a chronic study last?

Answer 11

6 months to 1 year

Question 12

A substance that damages a developing fetus is called a(n) _______

Answer 12

Teratogen

Question 13

What segment in reproductive and developmental testing is a study examining the reproductive toxicity in male and female animals?

Answer 13

Segment I

Question 14

What segment of reproductive and developmental testing is a study examining fetal toxicity?

Answer 14

Segment II

Question 15

What segment of reproductive and developmental testing is a study examining toxicity in newborn pups?

Answer 15

Segment III

Question 16

A substance that produces a fever in an animal is called a(n) ___________.

Answer 16

Pyrogen

Question 17

A(n) _________ induces the production of antibodies.

Answer 17

Antigen

Question 18

What is a vaccine?

Answer 18

Protects against an infectious disease and is a killed or attenuated form of the disease organism

Question 19

Multiple antibodies formed to a particular antigen are referred to as ________ antibodies.

Answer 19

Polyclonal

Question 20

Freund’s complete, Freund’s incomplete, Tiger-Max, and Alhydrogel are examples of _________.

Answer 20

Adjuvants

Question 21

Antibodies which recognize the same specific portion of an antigen are called ________ antibodies.

Answer 21

Monoclonal

Question 22

A combination of a cancer cell and an antibody-producing cell is a called a(n) _________.

Answer 22

Hybridoma

Question 23

The spread of cancer to other sites of the body is referred to as ________.

Answer 23

Metastasis

Question 24

What are the two classifications of animal cancer models?

Answer 24

1- induced disease

2- spontaneous disease

Question 25

What is a metabolism cage?

Answer 25

A cage that allows for the measurement of food and water intake and faces and urine output

Question 26

A(n) _______ apparatus is used to determine the proper placement of needles or cannula to inject o remove substances from the brain.

Answer 26

Stereotaxic

Question 27

Name the four types of bioimaging

Answer 27

1- ultrasound
2- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
3- positron emission tomography (PET)
4- computed tomography (CT)