Chapter 7: Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
True or False
Skin is a type of connective tissue
False
It is a type of epithelial tissue
True or False
The epiphysis is a specialized area at the ends of the long bones where growth occurs in young animals
True
True or False
Leukocytes safe the most Abundant type of blood cell
False
Erythrocytes are the most abundant type of blood cell
True or False
Thrombocytes are important in blood clotting
True
True or False
The heart lies in a thin sac of connective tissue called the myocardium
False
The sac is called pericardium
True or False
The blood vessels that deliver oxygen to the heart itself are termed the coronary arteries
True
True or False
The function of the lymph nodes is to filter and clean lymph fluid prior to its return to the heart
True
True or False
The autonomic nervous system controls or regulates involuntary bodily functions
True
True or False
Hormones are chemical substances that elicit specific responses in other body cells
True
True or False
The dermis is the outer layer of skin
False
The outer layer of skin is the epidermis
True or False
The skin has three types of glands; sebaceous, mucus, and sweat
True
What directional term means closer to the belly
Ventral
What directional term means away from the median plane
Lateral
What directional term means the side of the hind foot that contacts the ground when standing
Plantar
What directional term means closer to the tail
Caudal
What directional term means closer to the animal’s back
Dorsal
What are the 3 basic components of animal cells?
1- the cell membrane
2- the cytoplasm
3- the nucleus
Name the 4 tissue categories
1- epithelial and endothelial
2- connective
3- muscle
4- nerve
List the 5 types of bone
1- long 2- short 3- flat 4- irregular 5- sesamoid
What are the 2 divisions of the skeletal system
1- axial
2- appendicular
What division of the skeletal system does the skull belong to?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system does the vertebrae belong to?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system does the scapulae belong to?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system does the clavicle belong to?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system does the ribs belong to?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system does the sternum belong to?
Axial
What division of the skeletal system does the humerus belong to?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system does the femur belong to?
Appendicular
What division of the skeletal system does the patella belong to?
Appendicular
Name this 5 regions of the vertebral column
1- cervical 2- thoracic 3- lumbar 4- sacral 5- coccygeal
What term means moving a bone away from the midline of the body
Abduction
What term means opening the joint (increases the angle)
Extension
What term means moving toward the midline of the body
Addiction
What term means a pivoting movement, such as turning the head from side to side
Rotation
What term means bending or folding, such as the action of an elbow joint (decreases the angle)
Flexion
What is muscle tone?
The slight contraction that is usually present in muscle
Name the 3 classifications of muscle tissue
1- skeletal
2- cardiac
3- smooth
The primary function of the circulatory system is to deliver _____ and _______ and remove _______ and ________ from the cells
Deliver : O2 & nutrients
Remove: CO2 & waste products
What is the technical name for red blood cells
Erythrocytes
What is the technical name for white blood cells
Leukocytes
What type of blood cell number increas with parasitic infections
Eosinophils
What type of blood cell performs phagocytosis and have a kidney-shaped nucleus
Monocytes
What type of blood cell is rare in normal healthy animals, but numbers increase with inflammatory reactions
Basophils
What type of blood cell contains three major types: T cells, B cells, and NK cells
Lymphocytes
What type of blood cells perform phagocytosis and are a type of granulocyte
Neutrophils
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
1- arteries
2- capillaries
3- veins
The contraction phase of the heart is called _______. The relaxation phase of the heart is called _______.
Contraction: systole
Relaxation: diastole
Where does blood go into the heart when it comes back from the body?
Right atrium
After blood leaves the lungs, where does it go in the heart?
Left atrium
What is respiration?
The process called that aids in the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment
Contains the vocal cords
Larynx
Where the exchange of gases occurs
Alveoli
Each one of these structures leads to a lung
Bronchi
Are encased in the visceral pleura
Lungs
Has two openings and cilia to trap impurities from the air
Nose
Composed of the sternum, ribs, and thoracic spine
Thorax
A rigid tube that allows the passage of air
Trachea
Both air and food pass through this structure
Pharynx
What nutritional component provides energy to carry out bodily functions
Absorbed sugars and fats
What nutritional component Provides raw materials to build protein for generating and repairing tissue
Amino acids
What nutritional component forms bones and teeth, and are needed to complete enzymatic activities
Minerals
What nutritional component is necessary to complete chemical reactions in the body
Vitamins
What is homeostasis
Maintaining a constant internal environment
Name the two subsystems of the nervous system and list what is found in each system
1- central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
2- peripheral nervous system: all nervous tissue excluding the brain and spinal cord
What gland produces parathormore and regulates blood calcium concentration
Parathyroid
What gland produces sex hormones
Go ad
What gland secretes corticosteroids and produces epinephrine and norepinephrine
Adrenal
What gland secretes insulin and glucagon
Pancreas
What gland regulates growth, metabolism, and other endocrine glands
Pituitary
What gland produces thyroxine and calcitonin
Thyroid
