Chapter 8 G (Pathology)

Question 1

Absence seizure

Answer 1

Mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the environment

Question 2

Agnosia

Answer 2

Inability to receive and understand outside stimuli

Question 3

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 3

A type of degenerative brain disease causing thought disorders, gradual loss of muscle control, and eventually, death

Question 4

Amnesia

Answer 4

Loss of memory

Question 5

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Answer 5

Degenerative disease of the motor neurons leading to loss of muscular control and death

Question 6

Aneurysm

Answer 6

Abnormal widening of an artery wall that bursts and releases blood

Question 7

Aphasia

Answer 7

Loss of speech

Question 8

Apraxia

Answer 8

Inability to properly use familiar objects

Question 9

Aura

Answer 9

Group of symptoms that precede a seizure

Question 10

Bacterial meningitis

Answer 10

Meningitis caused by a bacteria; pyrogenic meningitis

Question 11

Bell’s palsy

Answer 11

Paralysis of one side of the face; usually temporary

Question 12

Brain contusion

Answer 12

Bruising of the surface of the brain without penetration

Question 13

Cerebral infarction

Answer 13

Neurological incident caused by disruption in the normal blood supply to the brain; stroke; CVA

Question 14

Coma

Answer 14

Abnormally deep sleep with little or no response to stimuli

Question 15

Concussion

Answer 15

Brain injury due trauma

Question 16

Dementia

Answer 16

Deterioration in mental capacity, usually in the elderly

Question 17

Demyelination

Answer 17

Destruction of myelin sheath, particularly in MS

Question 18

Dopamine

Answer 18

Substance in the brain or manufactured substance that helps relieve symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

Question 19

Duritis

Answer 19

Inflammation of the dura matter

Question 20

Dysphasia

Answer 20

Speech difficulty

Question 21

Embolic stroke

Answer 21

Sudden stroke caused by an embolus

Question 22

Embolus

Answer 22

Clot from somewhere in the body that blocks a small blood vessel in the brain

Question 23

Epilepsy

Answer 23

Chronic recurrent seizure activity

Question 24

Ganglion

Answer 24

Any group of nerve cell bodies forming a mass or a cyst in the peripheral nervous system; usually forms in the wrist

Question 25

Glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 25

Most malignant type of glioma

Question 26

Glioma

Answer 26

Tumor that arises from neuroglia

Question 27

Grand mal seizure

Answer 27

tonic-clonic seizure; Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness

Question 28

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 28

Stroke caused by blood escaping from a damaged cerebral artery

Question 29

Huntington’s chorea

Answer 29

Hereditary disorder with uncontrollable, jerking movements

Question 30

Hyrocephalus

Answer 30

Overproduction of fluid in the brain

Question 31

Lou Gehrig’s disease

Answer 31

ALS

Question 32

Meningioma

Answer 32

Tumor that arises from the meninges

Question 33

Meningocele

Answer 33

In spina bifida cystica, protrusion of the spinal meninges above the surface of teh skin

Question 34

Meningomyelocele

Answer 34

In spina bifida cystica, a protrusion of the meninges and spinal cord above the surface of the skin

Question 35

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

Answer 35

Degenerative disease with loss of myelin, resulting in muscle weakness, extreme fatigue, and some paralysis

Question 36

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 36

Disease involving overproduction of antibodies that block certain neurotransmitters; causes some muscle weakness

Question 37

Narcolepsy

Answer 37

Nervous system disorder that causes uncontrollable, sudden lapses into deep sleep

Question 38

Palsy

Answer 38

Partial or complete paralysis

Question 39

Paresthesia

Answer 39

Abnormal sensation, such as tingling

Question 40

Parkinson’s disease

Answer 40

Degenerative of nerves in the brain caused by lack of sufficient dopamine

Question 41

Petit mal seizure

Answer 41

Absence seizure, mild epileptic seizure consisting of brief disorientation with the enviroment

Question 42

Radiculitis

Answer 42

Inflammation of the spinal nerve roots

Question 43

Sciatica

Answer 43

Inflammation of the sciatic nerve

Question 44

Shingles

Answer 44

Viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves

Question 45

Somnambulism

Answer 45

Sleepwalking

Question 46

Somnolence

Answer 46

Extreme sleepiness caused by a neurological disorder

Question 47

Spinal bifida

Answer 47

Congenital defect of the spinal column

Question 48

Syncope

Answer 48

Loss of consciousness due to a sudden lack of oxygen in the brain

Question 49

Tay-Sachs disease

Answer 49

Hereditary disease that causes deterioration in the central nervous system and eventually death

Question 50

Tics

Answer 50

Twitching movements that accompany some neurological disorders

Question 51

Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 51

Severe epileptic seizure accompanied by convulsions, twitching, and loss of consciousness

Question 52

Tourette syndrome

Answer 52

Neurological disorder that causes uncontrollable speech sounds and tics

Question 53

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)

Answer 53

Short neurological incident usually not resulting in permanent injury, but usually signaling that a larger stroke may occure

Question 54

Viral meningitis

Answer 54

Meningitis caused by a virus and not as severe as pyrogenic meningitis