Chapter 5 A (Musculoskeletal System) Flashcards
Acetabulum
Cup-shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur fits
acromion
part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle
amphiarthrosis
Cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones
atlas
first cervical vertebra
axis
second cervical vertebra
bone phagocyte
bone cell that ingests dead bone and bone debris
bursa
sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons and joints
cancellous bone
spongy bone with a latticelike structure
cartilaginous disk
thick, circular mass of cartilage between the vertebrae of the spinal column
cervical vertebrae
7 vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck
clavicle
curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone
coccyx
small bone consisting of 4 fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone
compact bone
hard bone with tightly woven structure
condyle
rounded surface at the end of a bone
diaphysis
long middle section of a long bone; shaft
diarthroses
Free movable joints
dorsal vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae
12 vertebrae of the chest area
endosteum
lining of the medullary cavity
epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops
ethmoid bone
sinuses on both sides of the nasal cavities between each eye and the sphenoid sinus
fossa
depression as in the bone
humerus
long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom
ilium
wide portion of the hip bone
irregular bones
any of a group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull
sichium
one of the three fused
ischium
one of the three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle
lacrimal bone
thin flat bone of the face
lamina
thin, flat part of either side of the arch of a vertebra
lumbar vertebrae
five vertebrae of the lower back
malleolus
rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle
marrow
connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients
Mastoid process
protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind the ear
maxillary bone
bone of the upper jaw
maxillary sinus
sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below eyes
medullary cavity
soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow
metaphysis
section of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis
neural canal
space through which the spinal cord passes
nucleus pulposus
fibrous mass in the center portion of the intervertebral disk
olecranon
curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow
osseous tissue
connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited
ossification
hardening into bone
osteoblast
cell that forms bone
osteoclast
large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue
osteocyte
bone cell
palatine bone
bone that helps for the hard palate and nasal cavity
periosteum
fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone
pubes
anteroinferior portion of the hip bone
sacrum
Next to last spinal vertebra made up of 5 fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis
scapula
large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade
sella turcica
bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located
sesamoid bone
bone formed in a tendon over a joint (ie the patella)
sphenoid bone
bone that forms the base of the skull
sphenoid sinus
sinus above and behind the nose
spinous process
protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch
spongy bone
bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow
sternum
long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax
styloid process
peg-shaped protrusion from a bone
sulcus
groove or furrow in the surface of bone
suture
joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane
symphysis
type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones
synarthrosis
fibrous joint with no movement
synovial membrane
connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid
tarsus, tarsal bones
seven bones of the instep
thoracic vertebrae
12 vertebrae of the chest area
thorax
part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest
transverse process
protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch
trochanter
bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur
true ribs
seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum
tubercle
slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached
tuberosity
large elevation in the surface of a bone
vomer
flat bone forming the nasal septum
zygomatic bone
bone that forms the cheek