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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 A (Musculoskeletal System) > Flashcards

Chapter 5 A (Musculoskeletal System) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Acetabulum

A

Cup-shaped depression in the hip bone into which the top of the femur fits

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2
Q

acromion

A

part of the scapula that connects to the clavicle

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3
Q

amphiarthrosis

A

Cartilaginous joint having some movement at the union of two bones

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4
Q

atlas

A

first cervical vertebra

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5
Q

axis

A

second cervical vertebra

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6
Q

bone phagocyte

A

bone cell that ingests dead bone and bone debris

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7
Q

bursa

A

sac lined with a synovial membrane that fills the spaces between tendons and joints

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8
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy bone with a latticelike structure

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9
Q

cartilaginous disk

A

thick, circular mass of cartilage between the vertebrae of the spinal column

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10
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

7 vertebrae of the spinal column located in the neck

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11
Q

clavicle

A

curved bone of the shoulder that joins to the scapula; collar bone

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12
Q

coccyx

A

small bone consisting of 4 fused vertebrae at the end of the spinal column; tailbone

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13
Q

compact bone

A

hard bone with tightly woven structure

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14
Q

condyle

A

rounded surface at the end of a bone

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15
Q

diaphysis

A

long middle section of a long bone; shaft

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16
Q

diarthroses

A

Free movable joints

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17
Q

dorsal vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae

A

12 vertebrae of the chest area

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18
Q

endosteum

A

lining of the medullary cavity

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19
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous tissue that is replaced during growth years, but eventually calcifies and disappears when growth stops

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20
Q

ethmoid bone

A

sinuses on both sides of the nasal cavities between each eye and the sphenoid sinus

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21
Q

fossa

A

depression as in the bone

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22
Q

humerus

A

long bone of the arm connecting to the scapula on top and the radius and ulna at the bottom

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23
Q

ilium

A

wide portion of the hip bone

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24
Q

irregular bones

A

any of a group of bones with a special shape to fit into certain areas of the skeleton, such as the skull

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25
Q

sichium

A

one of the three fused

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26
Q

ischium

A

one of the three fused bones that form the pelvic girdle

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27
Q

lacrimal bone

A

thin flat bone of the face

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28
Q

lamina

A

thin, flat part of either side of the arch of a vertebra

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29
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

five vertebrae of the lower back

30
Q

malleolus

A

rounded protrusion of the tibia or fibula on either side of the ankle

31
Q

marrow

A

connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients

32
Q

Mastoid process

A

protrusion of the temporal bone that sits behind the ear

33
Q

maxillary bone

A

bone of the upper jaw

34
Q

maxillary sinus

A

sinus on either side of the nasal cavity below eyes

35
Q

medullary cavity

A

soft center cavity in bone that often holds marrow

36
Q

metaphysis

A

section of a long bone between the epiphysis and diaphysis

37
Q

neural canal

A

space through which the spinal cord passes

38
Q

nucleus pulposus

A

fibrous mass in the center portion of the intervertebral disk

39
Q

olecranon

A

curved end of the ulna to which tendons of the arm muscles attach; bony prominence of the elbow

40
Q

osseous tissue

A

connective tissue into which calcium salts are deposited

41
Q

ossification

A

hardening into bone

42
Q

osteoblast

A

cell that forms bone

43
Q

osteoclast

A

large cell that reabsorbs and removes osseous tissue

44
Q

osteocyte

A

bone cell

45
Q

palatine bone

A

bone that helps for the hard palate and nasal cavity

46
Q

periosteum

A

fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone

47
Q

pubes

A

anteroinferior portion of the hip bone

48
Q

sacrum

A

Next to last spinal vertebra made up of 5 fused bones; vertebra that forms part of the pelvis

49
Q

scapula

A

large flat bone that forms the shoulder blade

50
Q

sella turcica

A

bony depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

51
Q

sesamoid bone

A

bone formed in a tendon over a joint (ie the patella)

52
Q

sphenoid bone

A

bone that forms the base of the skull

53
Q

sphenoid sinus

A

sinus above and behind the nose

54
Q

spinous process

A

protrusion from the center of the vertebral arch

55
Q

spongy bone

A

bone with an open latticework filled with connective tissue or marrow

56
Q

sternum

A

long, flat bone that forms the midline of the anterior of the thorax

57
Q

styloid process

A

peg-shaped protrusion from a bone

58
Q

sulcus

A

groove or furrow in the surface of bone

59
Q

suture

A

joining of two bone parts with a fibrous membrane

60
Q

symphysis

A

type of cartilaginous joint uniting two bones

61
Q

synarthrosis

A

fibrous joint with no movement

62
Q

synovial membrane

A

connective tissue lining the cavity of joints and producing the synovial fluid

63
Q

tarsus, tarsal bones

A

seven bones of the instep

64
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12 vertebrae of the chest area

65
Q

thorax

A

part of the trunk between the neck and the abdomen; chest

66
Q

transverse process

A

protrusion on either side of the vertebral arch

67
Q

trochanter

A

bony protrusion at the upper end of the femur

68
Q

true ribs

A

seven upper ribs of the chest that attach to the sternum

69
Q

tubercle

A

slight bony elevation to which a ligament or muscle may be attached

70
Q

tuberosity

A

large elevation in the surface of a bone

71
Q

vomer

A

flat bone forming the nasal septum

72
Q

zygomatic bone

A

bone that forms the cheek

Medical Terminology (50 decks)

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