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Medical Terminology > Chapter 15: The Endocrine System - 25 Tough Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 15: The Endocrine System - 25 Tough Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

hypothalamus hormones

A

pituitary-regulating hormones

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2
Q

neurohypophysis (pituitary gland - posterior) hormones

A

anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
vasopressin
oxytocin

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3
Q

Adenohypophysis (pituitary gland - anterior) hormones

A 
growth hormone (GH)
somatotrophic hormone (STH)
thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Prolactin
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
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4
Q

thyroid hormones

A

thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin

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5
Q

Parathyroid hormones

A 
Parathormone
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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6
Q

Adrenal medulla hormones

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline)

Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)

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7
Q

Adrenal cortex hormones

A

Glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosteroids, corticosterone)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Gonadocorticoids (androgens)

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8
Q

Pancreas (in islets of langerhans) hormones

A

Insulin

Glucagon

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9
Q

Pineal gland

A

Melatonin

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10
Q

Ovaries

A

Estrogen (estradiol, most powerful estrogen), Progesterone

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11
Q

Testes

A

Androgen, testosterone

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12
Q

Thymus gland

A

Thymosin
Thymic humoral factor (THF)
Factor thymic serum (FTS)

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13
Q

Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland

A

Adenohypophysis

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14
Q

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; involved in the control of the adrenal cortex

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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15
Q

Specialized cells that produce glucagon in the pancreas

A

alpha cells

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16
Q

Hormones such as epinephrine released in response to stress

A

Catecholamines

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17
Q

Ductless gland

A

endocrine gland

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18
Q

Any substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it

A

electrolyte

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19
Q

Hormone released by the anterior pituitary to aid in production of ova and sperm

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

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20
Q

Hormone produced by the pancreas to increase blood sugar

A

Glucagon

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21
Q

Pituitary gland (other name)

A

hypophysis

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22
Q

Substance in a hormone that prevents the secretion of other hormone

A

inhibiting factor

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23
Q

Narrow band of tissue connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland

A

isthmus

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24
Q

Hormone released to aid in maturation of ova and ovulation in the female; and aids in the secretion of testosterone

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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25
Q

Posterior lobe of pituitary gland

A

Neuropophysis

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26
Q

Oxytocin

A

Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to aid in uterine contractions and lactation

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27
Q

one of 4 glands located adjacent to the thyroid gland on its dorsal surface that help maintain levels of blood calcium

A

parathyroid gland

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28
Q

Hormone released by parathyroid glands to help raise blood calcium levels

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

29
Q

Gland located above pituitary gland; secretes melatonin

A

Pineal gland

30
Q

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; important in growth and development

A

Somatotrophic hormone (STH)

31
Q

Mimicking functions of the sympathetic nervous system

A

Sympathomimetic

32
Q

Gland that is part of the immune system as well as part of the endocrine system; aids in the maturation of T and B cells

A

Thymus gland

33
Q

Gland with two lobes located on either side of the trachea; helps control blood calcium levels and metabolic functions

A

Thyroid gland

34
Q

Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid hormones

A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

35
Q

Compound found in or manufactured for thyroid glands; helps regulate metabolism

A

Thyroxine (T4)

36
Q

Thyroid hormone that stimulates growth

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)

37
Q

Hormone secreted by pituitary gland; raises blood pressure

A

Vasopressin

38
Q

cervix- starts labor
lung - inflammation in asthma
inflammatory response
pain signalling

A

Prostaglandin (PGs)

39
Q

Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and other endocrine glands

A

Calcitonin

40
Q

Blood test for an average of glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months

A

Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C

41
Q

Postprandial blood sugar

A

Test for glucose in blood, two hours after a meal

42
Q

Test for measuring hormone levels in plasma taken after radioactive solution is ingested

A

RIA radioactive immunoassay

43
Q

Test for how quickly the thyroid gland pulls in ingested iodine

A

Radioactive iodine uptake

44
Q

Abnormal accumulation of ketones in the body

A

Acidosis

45
Q

Abnormally enlarged features resulting form a pituitary tumor and hypersecretion of growth hormone

A

Acromegaly

46
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Underactivity of the adrenal glands

47
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Group of symptoms caused by overactivity of the adrenal glands

48
Q

Condition caused by hyposecretion of ADH

A

diabetes insipidus

49
Q

Abnormal protrusion of the yes typical of Graves

A

exophthalmos

50
Q

Glucose in urine

A

Glucosuria/glycosuria

51
Q

Abnormal hair growth due to an excess of androgens

A

Hirsutism

52
Q

Condition of high acid levels caused by the abnormal accumulation of ketones in the body

A

Ketoacidosis

53
Q

Condition caused by the abnormal release of ketones in the body

A

Ketosis

54
Q

Advanced adult hypothyroidism

A

Myxedema

55
Q

excessive thirst

A

Polydipsia

56
Q

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)

A

Excessive secretion of ADH

57
Q

Neurological syndrome usually due to decreased serum levels of calcium in the blood

A

Tetany

58
Q

Condition with excessive androgen production, often resulting in the appearance of mature male characteristics in young

A

Virilism

59
Q

Hormone stimulates uterine contractions and lactation

A

Oxytocin

60
Q

Stimulates breast development and lactation

A

Prolactin

61
Q

Hormone that affects electrolyte and fluid balances

A

Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)

62
Q

Hormone that regulates rate of cellular metabolism

A

Thyroxine (T4)

63
Q

Hormone that aids in the development of the immune system

A

Thymosin

64
Q

Disease of pancreas

A

Pancreatopathy

65
Q

aid in sex cell devleopment

A

gonadotropin

66
Q

severe continual muscle contractions may then develop

A

tetany

67
Q

Group of symptoms caused by overactivity of the adrenal glands

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

68
Q

Addison’s disease

A

Underactivity of the adrenal glands

69
Q

what gland for cretinism?

A

thyroid

Medical Terminology (50 decks)

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