Chapter 15: The Endocrine System - 25 Tough Terms Flashcards
hypothalamus hormones
pituitary-regulating hormones
neurohypophysis (pituitary gland - posterior) hormones
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH)
vasopressin
oxytocin
Adenohypophysis (pituitary gland - anterior) hormones
growth hormone (GH) somatotrophic hormone (STH) thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Luteinizing hormone (LH) Prolactin Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
thyroid hormones
thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
calcitonin
Parathyroid hormones
Parathormone parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Adrenal medulla hormones
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
Norepinephrine (noradrenaline)
Adrenal cortex hormones
Glucocorticoids (cortisol, corticosteroids, corticosterone)
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
Gonadocorticoids (androgens)
Pancreas (in islets of langerhans) hormones
Insulin
Glucagon
Pineal gland
Melatonin
Ovaries
Estrogen (estradiol, most powerful estrogen), Progesterone
Testes
Androgen, testosterone
Thymus gland
Thymosin
Thymic humoral factor (THF)
Factor thymic serum (FTS)
Anterior lobe of the pituitary gland
Adenohypophysis
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; involved in the control of the adrenal cortex
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Specialized cells that produce glucagon in the pancreas
alpha cells
Hormones such as epinephrine released in response to stress
Catecholamines
Ductless gland
endocrine gland
Any substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it
electrolyte
Hormone released by the anterior pituitary to aid in production of ova and sperm
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Hormone produced by the pancreas to increase blood sugar
Glucagon
Pituitary gland (other name)
hypophysis
Substance in a hormone that prevents the secretion of other hormone
inhibiting factor
Narrow band of tissue connecting the two lobes of the thyroid gland
isthmus
Hormone released to aid in maturation of ova and ovulation in the female; and aids in the secretion of testosterone
Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Posterior lobe of pituitary gland
Neuropophysis
Oxytocin
Hormone released by the posterior pituitary gland to aid in uterine contractions and lactation
one of 4 glands located adjacent to the thyroid gland on its dorsal surface that help maintain levels of blood calcium
parathyroid gland
Hormone released by parathyroid glands to help raise blood calcium levels
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Gland located above pituitary gland; secretes melatonin
Pineal gland
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; important in growth and development
Somatotrophic hormone (STH)
Mimicking functions of the sympathetic nervous system
Sympathomimetic
Gland that is part of the immune system as well as part of the endocrine system; aids in the maturation of T and B cells
Thymus gland
Gland with two lobes located on either side of the trachea; helps control blood calcium levels and metabolic functions
Thyroid gland
Hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid hormones
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Compound found in or manufactured for thyroid glands; helps regulate metabolism
Thyroxine (T4)
Thyroid hormone that stimulates growth
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Hormone secreted by pituitary gland; raises blood pressure
Vasopressin
cervix- starts labor
lung - inflammation in asthma
inflammatory response
pain signalling
Prostaglandin (PGs)
Hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and other endocrine glands
Calcitonin
Blood test for an average of glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months
Glycosylated hemoglobin A1C
Postprandial blood sugar
Test for glucose in blood, two hours after a meal
Test for measuring hormone levels in plasma taken after radioactive solution is ingested
RIA radioactive immunoassay
Test for how quickly the thyroid gland pulls in ingested iodine
Radioactive iodine uptake
Abnormal accumulation of ketones in the body
Acidosis
Abnormally enlarged features resulting form a pituitary tumor and hypersecretion of growth hormone
Acromegaly
Addison’s disease
Underactivity of the adrenal glands
Cushing’s syndrome
Group of symptoms caused by overactivity of the adrenal glands
Condition caused by hyposecretion of ADH
diabetes insipidus
Abnormal protrusion of the yes typical of Graves
exophthalmos
Glucose in urine
Glucosuria/glycosuria
Abnormal hair growth due to an excess of androgens
Hirsutism
Condition of high acid levels caused by the abnormal accumulation of ketones in the body
Ketoacidosis
Condition caused by the abnormal release of ketones in the body
Ketosis
Advanced adult hypothyroidism
Myxedema
excessive thirst
Polydipsia
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH)
Excessive secretion of ADH
Neurological syndrome usually due to decreased serum levels of calcium in the blood
Tetany
Condition with excessive androgen production, often resulting in the appearance of mature male characteristics in young
Virilism
Hormone stimulates uterine contractions and lactation
Oxytocin
Stimulates breast development and lactation
Prolactin
Hormone that affects electrolyte and fluid balances
Aldosterone (mineralocorticoids)
Hormone that regulates rate of cellular metabolism
Thyroxine (T4)
Hormone that aids in the development of the immune system
Thymosin
Disease of pancreas
Pancreatopathy
aid in sex cell devleopment
gonadotropin
severe continual muscle contractions may then develop
tetany
Group of symptoms caused by overactivity of the adrenal glands
Cushing’s Syndrome
Addison’s disease
Underactivity of the adrenal glands
what gland for cretinism?
thyroid
