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Medical Terminology > Chapter 4 D (Pathology) > Flashcards

Chapter 4 D (Pathology) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Abscess

A

Localized collection of puss and other exudate, usually accompanied by swelling and redness

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2
Q

Acne

A

Inflammatory eruption of the skin, occurring in or near sebaceous glands on the face, neck, shoulder, or upper back

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3
Q

Actinic Keratosis

A

Overgrowth of horny skin that forms from overexposure to sunlight (sunburn)

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4
Q

Albinism

A

Rare, congenital condition causing either partial or total lack of pigmentation

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5
Q

alopecia areata

A

loss of hair in patches

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6
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

slow-growing cancer of the basal cells of the epidermis, usually a result of sun damage

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7
Q

comedo

A

open hair follicle filled with bacteria and sebum, common in acne, black head

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8
Q

bulla

A

bubble-like blister on the surface of the skin

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9
Q

callus

A

Mass of hard skin that forms as a cover over broken skin on certain areas of the body, especially feet and hands

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10
Q

candidiasis condition

A

yeastlike fungus on the skin, caused by Candida, characterized by pruritus, white exudate, peeling, and easy bleeding, examples are thrush and diaper rash

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11
Q

Carbuncle

A

Infected area of the skin producing pus and usually accompanied by fever

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12
Q

Cellulitis

A

Severe inflammation of the dermis and subcutaneous portions of the skin, usually caused by an infection that enters the skin through an opening, as a wound; characterized by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling

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13
Q

Cherry angioma

A

A dome-shaped vascular angioma lesion that usually occurs in the elderly

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14
Q

chloasma

A

Group of fairly large pigmented facial patches, often associated with pregnancy

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15
Q

cicatrix

A

growth of fibrous tissue inside a wound that forms a scar, also general term for scar

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16
Q

cold sore

A

Eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus Type 1

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17
Q

cyst

A

abnormal sac containing fluid

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18
Q

decubitus ulcer

A

chronic ulcer on skin over bony parts that are under constant pressure; pressure sore

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19
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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20
Q

discoid lupus erythematosus

A

mild form of lupus

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21
Q

ecchymosis

A

purplish skin patch (bruise) caused by broken blood vessels beneath the surface

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22
Q

eczema

A

severe inflammatory condition of the skin, usually of unknown cause

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23
Q

erosion

A

wearing away of the surface of the skin, especially when caused by friction

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24
Q

exanthematous viral disease

A

viral disease that causes a rash on the skin

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25
Q

excoration

A

Injury to the surface of the skin caused by a scratch, abrasion, or burn, usually accompanied by some oozing

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26
Q

fever blister

A

eruption around the mouth or lips; herpes simplex virus type 1

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27
Q

first degree burn

A

least severe burn, causes injury to the surface of the skin without blistering

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28
Q

fissure

A

deep slit in the skin

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29
Q

furuncle

A

localized skin infection, usually in a hair follicle and containing pus; boil

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30
Q

gangrene

A

death of an area of skin, usually caused by loss of blood supply to the area

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31
Q

herpes

A

an inflammatory skin disease caused by viruses of the family herpesviridae

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32
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 1

A

Herpes that recurs on the lips and around the area of the mouth, usually during viral illnesses or states of stress

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33
Q

Herpes simplex virus type 2

A

Herpes that recurs on the genitalia; can be easily transmitted from one person to another through sexual contact

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34
Q

herpes zoster

A

Painful herpes that affects nerve roots; shingles

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35
Q

impetigo

A

a type of pyoderma (any inflammation of the skin that produces pus)

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36
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

Skin cancer associated with AIDS

37
Q

Keloid

A

Thick scarring of the skin that forms after an injury of surgery

38
Q

Keratosis

A

Lesion on the epidermis containing keratin

39
Q

Lesion

A

Wound, damage, or injury to the skin

40
Q

Leukoderma

A

Absence of pigment in the skin or in an area of the skin

41
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch of mucous membrane on the tongue or cheek

42
Q

Macule

A

Small, flat noticeably colored spot on the skin

43
Q

Malignant Melanoma

A

Virulent skin cancer originating in the melanocytes, usually caused by overexposure to the sun

44
Q

Neoplasm

A

Abnormal tissue growth

45
Q

Nevus

A

Birthmark

46
Q

Nodule

A

Small knob of tissue

47
Q

Onychia, onychitis

A

Inflammation of the nail

48
Q

Onychopathy

A

Disease of the nail

49
Q

Papule

A

Small, solid elevation of the skin

50
Q

Paronychia

A

Inflammation, with pus, of the fold surrounding the plate

51
Q

Patch

A

Small area of skin differing in color from the surrounding area; (plaque)

52
Q

Pediculated polyp

A

Polyp that projects upward from a slender stalk

53
Q

Pediculosis

A

Lice infestation

54
Q

Pemphigus blister

A

Autoimmune disease that causes skin blistering

55
Q

Petechia

A

A tiny hemorrhage beneath the surface of the skin

56
Q

Pilonidal

A

Cyst containing hair, usually found at the lower end of the spinal column

57
Q

Polyp

A

Bulging mass of tissue that projects outward from the skin surface

58
Q

Pruritus

A

Itching

59
Q

Psoriasis

A

chronic skin condition accompanied by scaly lesions with extreme pruritus

60
Q

Purpura

A

Skin condition with extensive hemorrhages underneath the skin covering a wide area

61
Q

Pustule

A

Small elevation on the skin that produces pus

62
Q

Pyoderma

A

Any inflammation of the skin that produces pus

63
Q

Ringworm

A

Fungal infection; tinea

64
Q

Rosacea

A

Vascular disease that causes blotchy, red patches on the skin, particularly on the nose and cheeks

65
Q

Roseola

A

Skin eruption of small, rosy patches, usually caused by a virus

66
Q

Rubella

A

Disease that causes a viral skin rash; German measles

67
Q

Rubeola

A

Disease that causes a viral skin rash; measles

68
Q

Scabies

A

Skin eruption caused by a mite burrowing into the skin

69
Q

Scale

A

Small plate of hard skin that falls off

70
Q

Scleroderma

A

Thickening of the skin caused by an increase in collagen formation

71
Q

Sebaceous cyst

A

Cyst containing yellow sebum

72
Q

Seborrhea

A

Overproduction of sebum by the sebaceous glands

73
Q

Second-degree burn

A

Moderately severe burn that affects the epidermis and dermis; usually involving blistering

74
Q

Sessile poly

A

Polyp that projects upward from a broad base

75
Q

Shingles

A

Viral disease affecting peripheral nerves and caused by herpes zoster

76
Q

Squamous cell Carcinoma

A

Cancer of the squamous epithelium

77
Q

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

A

Most severe form of lupus, involving internal organs

78
Q

Telangiectasia

A

A permanent dilation of the small blood vessels

79
Q

Third-degree burn

A

Most severe type of burn; involves complete destruction of an area of skin

80
Q

Tinea

A

Fungal infection; ringworm

81
Q

Urticaria

A

Group of reddish wheals, usually accompanied by pruritus and often caused by an allergy

82
Q

Varicella

A

Contagious skin disease, usually occurring during childhood, and often accompanied by the formation of psutules; (chicken pox)

83
Q

Vascular lesion

A

Lesion in a blood vessel that shows through the skin

84
Q

Verruca

A

Flesh-colored growth, sometimes caused by a virus; wart

85
Q

Vesicle

A

Small, raised sac on the skin containing fluid

86
Q

Vitiligo

A

Condition in which white patches appear on otherwise normally pigmented skin

87
Q

Wheal

A

Itchy patch of raised skin

88
Q

Whitehead

A

Closed comedo that does not contain the dark bacteria present in blackheads

Medical Terminology (50 decks)

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