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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 A (The Nervous System) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 A (The Nervous System) Flashcards

1
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Chemical that stimulates cells

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2
Q

Afferent (sensory) neuron

A

Neuron that carries information from the sensory receptors to the central nervous system

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3
Q

Arachnoid

A

Middle Layer of the Meninges

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4
Q

Astrocyte, Astroglia

A

A type of neuroglia that maintains nutrient and chemical levels in neurons

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5
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that carries impulses from the central nervous system to glands, smooth muscles, cardiac muscle, and various membranes

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6
Q

Axon

A

Part of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses away from the cell body

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7
Q

Basal ganglia

A

Large masses of gray matter within the cerebrum

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8
Q

Brain

A

Body organ responsible for controlling the body’s functions and interactions with outside stimuli

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9
Q

Brainstem

A

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that controls certain heart, lung, and visual functions

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10
Q

Cell body

A

Part of a nerve cell that has branches or fibers that reach out to send or receive impulses

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11
Q

Central nervous system

A

The brain and spinal cord

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12
Q

Cerebellum

A

One of the four major divisions of the brain; division that coordinates musculoskeletal movement

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13
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A

Outer portion of the cerebrum

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14
Q

Cerebrospinal

A

Watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord

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15
Q

Cerebrum

A

One of four major divisions of the brain; division involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought, moral behavior, sensory interpretations, and certain bodily movements

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16
Q

Conductivity

A

Ability to transmit a signal

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17
Q

Convolutions

A

Folds in the cerebral cortex; gyri

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18
Q

Corpus callosum

A

Bridge of nerve fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the cerebrum

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19
Q

Cranial nerves

A

Any of 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain

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20
Q

Dendrite

A

A thin branching extension of a nerve cell that conducts nerve impulses toward the cell body

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21
Q

Diencephalon

A

One of four major structures of the brain; it is the deep portion of the brain and contains the thalamus

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22
Q

Dura matter

A

Outermost layer of meninges

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23
Q

Efferent (Motor) Neuron

A

Neuron that carries information to the muscles and glands from the central nervous system

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24
Q

Epidural space

A

Area between the pia mater and the bones of the spinal cord

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25
Q

Epithalamus

A

One of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay system

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26
Q

Excitability

A

Ability to respond to stimuli

27
Q

Fissure

A

One of many indentations of the cerebrum; sulcus

28
Q

Frontal lobe

A

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

29
Q

Gyrus

A

convolution; fold in the cerebral cortex

30
Q

Hypothalamus

A

One of the parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

31
Q

Interneuron

A

Neuron that carries and processes sensory information

32
Q

Medulla oblongata

A

Part of the brain stem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing, and sneezing

33
Q

Meninges

A

Three layers of membranes that cover and protect the brain and spinal cord

34
Q

Microglia

A

A type of neuroglia that removes debris

35
Q

Midbrain

A

Part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes

36
Q

Myelin sheath

A

Fatty tissue that covers axons

37
Q

Nerve

A

Bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to the organs and muscles of the body

38
Q

Nerve cell

A

Basic cell of the nervous system having three parts: cell body, dendrite, and axon; also called a neuron

39
Q

Nerve impulse

A

Released energy that is received or transmitted by tissue or organs and that usually provokes a response

40
Q

Neurilemma

A

Membranous covering that protects the meyelin sheath

41
Q

Neurolgia

A

Cell of the nervous system that does not transmit impulses

42
Q

Neuron

A

Basic cell of the nervous system having 3 parts: cell body, dendrite, and axon; also called a nerve cell

43
Q

Neurotransmitters

A

Various substances located in tiny sacs at the end of the axon

44
Q

Occipital lobe

A

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

45
Q

Oligodendroglia

A

A type of neuroglia that produces myelin and helps to support neurons

46
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is in a normal state

47
Q

Parietal lobe

A

One of the four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

48
Q

Pia matter

A

Innermost layer of meninges

49
Q

Pons

A

Part of the brainstem that controls certain respiratory functions

50
Q

Receptor

A

Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses

51
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Part of the peripheral nervous system that receives and processes sensory input form various parts of the body

52
Q

Spinal cord

A

Ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column and from which spinal nerves extend

53
Q

Spinal nerves

A

Any of 31 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the spinal cord and the torso and extremities

54
Q

Stimulus

A

Anything that arouses a response

55
Q

Subdural space

A

Area between the dura mater and the pia mater across which the arachnoid runs

56
Q

Sulcus

A

fissure; one of many indentations in the cerebrum

57
Q

Sympathetic nervous system

A

Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates when the body is under stress

58
Q

Synapse

A

Spacer over which nerve impulses jump from one neuron to another

59
Q

Temporal lobe

A

One of four parts of each hemisphere of the cerebrum

60
Q

Terminal end fibers

A

Group of fibers at the end of an axon that passes the impulses leaving the neuron to the next neuron

61
Q

Thalamus

A

One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station; ventral thalamus

62
Q

Ventral thalamus

A

One of the four parts of the diencephalon; serves as a sensory relay station

63
Q

Ventricle

A

Cavity in the brain for cerebrospinal fluid

Medical Terminology (50 decks)

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