CHAPTER 8: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards by Charley Zicari

Female reproductive system consists of:

Externally: vulva, clitoris, mammary glands
Internally: vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, ovaries

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vulva

external genitals: 2 pairs of lips, labia major and labia minora, that surround the vagina

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clitoris

highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra

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perineum

pelvic floor in both the male and female; in females, it usually refers to the area between the vaginal opening and anus

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ovaries

pair of almond-shaped organs located in the pelvic cavity; egg cells are stored in the ovaries (ovum, ova pl.)

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uterine tubes

fallopian tubes, pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provides a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus

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uterus

pear-sized and shaped muscular organ that lies in the pelvic cavity. Functions: menstruation, pregnancy, labor

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Anatomy of uterus

Endometrium: inner lining, myometrium: muscular middle layer, perimetrium: thin outer layer, corpus/body: large central portion of uterus, fundus: rounded upper portion of uterus, cervix: narrow lower portion of uterus

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vagina

3 inch tube that connects the uterus to the outside of the body, hymen: fold of membrane located near opening of vagina

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Rectouterine pouch

Douglas cul-de-sac, cavity between the posterior wall of the uterus and the anterior wall of the rectum that is closed at the inferior end

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Bartholin glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening

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mammary glands

breasts, pair of milk-producing glands of the female; each breast consists of 15-20 lobes

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mammary papilla

breast nipple

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areola

pigmented area around the nipple

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arche/o

first, beginning

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cervic/o

cervix

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colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

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culd/o

cul-de-sac

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episi/o, vulv/o

vulva

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gynec/o, gyn/o

woman

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hymen/o

hymen

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hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i

uterus

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mamm/o, mast/o

breast

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men/o

menstruation

oophor/o

ovary

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

uterine tube (fallopian tube)

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-atresia

absence of a normal body opening; occlusion; closure

-salpinx

uterine tube

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix, which progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma (linked to HPV)

endometrial cancer

malignant tumor of the endometrium (uterine cancer)

endometriosis

abnormal condition in which endometrial tissue grows outside of the uterus in various areas including ovaries, uterine tubes, intestines, uterus

fibrocystic breast condition

(FCC) disorder characterized by benign cysts in one or both breasts; may cause discomfort

fibroid tumor

benign tumor of the uterine muscle (myoma of the uterus or leiomyoma)

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease

PID, inflammation of some or all of the female pelvic organs

prolapsed uterus

downward displacement of the uterus into the vagina (hysteroptosis)

toxic shock syndrome

TSS, severe illness characterized by high fever, rash, vomiting, diarrhea, and myalgia

vesicovaginal fistula

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

anterior and posterior colporrhaphy

(A&P repair) surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and a rectocele

conization

cone biopsy, surgical removal of a cone shaped area of the cervix; used in the treatment for non invasive cervical cancer

dilation and curettage

(D&C) surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape the endometrium with an instrument called curette

endometrial ablation

procedure to destroy or remove the endometrium by use of laser, electrical, or thermal energy, used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding

laparoscopy

laparoscopic surgery, visual examination of the abdominopelvic cavity

myomectomy

excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from the uterus

sentinel lymph node

injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope used to identify the sentinel lymph node(s), the first in the axillary chain and most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer

stereotactic breast biopsy

technique that combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

tubal ligation

closure of the uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (ligation) "tying of tubes"

uterine artery embolization

UAE, minimally invasive procedure used to treat fibroids of the uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to the fibroids

contraception

intentional prevention of conception, birth control

dyspareunia

difficult or painful intercourse

fistula

abnormal passageway between two organs or between an internal organ and the body surface

hormone replacement therapy

HRT, replacement of hormones, estrogen and/or progesterone, to treat symptoms associated with menopause

menopause

cessation of menstruation, usually around 48-53 years unless induced surgically or medically

premenstrual syndrome

PMS, syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms occurring in the 10 days before menstruation

speculum

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection