CHAPTER 6: URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards by Charley Zicari

Organs of the urinary system

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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Flow of Urine

Urine is collected in the renal pelvis of the kidneys, through the ureters into the bladder and to the urethra through the urinary meatus out of the body

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Kidneys

two bean-shaped organ located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Functions include removing waste products from blood and aiding in maintaining water and electrolyte balances

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Nephron

Urine producing microscopic structures, approx. 1 million per kidney

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Renal pelvis

Funnel shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureters

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ureters

2 slender tubes approx. 10-13 in. long, receive urine from kidneys and carry to posterior position of bladder

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Urinary bladder

Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds urine

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urethra

lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the bladder outside of the body (male approx. 8 inches, female approx. 1.5 inches)

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urinary meatus

the opening through which urine passes to the outside

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cyst/o, vesic/o

bladder, sac

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glomerul/o

glomerulus

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meat/o

meatus (opening)

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nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

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pyel/o

renal pelvis

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ureter/o

ureter

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urethr/o

urethra

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albumin/o

albumin

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azot/o

urea, nitrogen

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blast/o

developing cell, germ cell

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glcos/o, glyc/o

sugar

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hydr/o

water

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lith/o

stone, calculus

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noct/i

night

olig/o

few, scanty

urin/o, ur/o

urine, urinary tract

-iasis, -esis

condition

-lysis

loosening, dissolution, separating

-ptosis

drooping, sagging, prolapse

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-trophy

nourishment, development

-uria

urine, urination

epispadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

hypospadias

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis (similar in females)

polycystic kidney disease

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

renal calculus

stone in the kidney

renal failure

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte imbalance

renal hypertension

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

urinary retention

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

urinary suppression

sudden stoppage of urine formation

urinary tract infection

UTI: infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

(ESWL): noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by shockwave

fulguration

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (commonly used on bladder growths)

renal transplant

surgical implantation of donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

Laboratory diagnostic words

KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) BUN (blood, urine, nitrogen) creatinine, SG (specific gravity), UA (urinalysis)

catheter

(cath) flexible, tubelike devicel such as urinary catheter, for withdrawing or inserting fluids

distended

stretched out (a bladder is distended when filled with urine)

enuresis

involuntary urination

hemodialysis

(HD) procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

incontinence

inability to control bladder/bowels

micturate

to urinate or void

peritoneal dialysis

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so

stricture

abnormal narrowing, such as urethral stricture

urinal

receptacle for urine

urodynamics

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract

void

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine