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Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 6: URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6: URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Organs of the urinary system

A

kidneys, ureters, bladder, urethra

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2
Q

Flow of Urine

A

Urine is collected in the renal pelvis of the kidneys, through the ureters into the bladder and to the urethra through the urinary meatus out of the body

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3
Q

Kidneys

A

two bean-shaped organ located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity. Functions include removing waste products from blood and aiding in maintaining water and electrolyte balances

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4
Q

Nephron

A

Urine producing microscopic structures, approx. 1 million per kidney

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5
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Funnel shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureters

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6
Q

ureters

A

2 slender tubes approx. 10-13 in. long, receive urine from kidneys and carry to posterior position of bladder

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7
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds urine

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8
Q

urethra

A

lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes from the bladder outside of the body (male approx. 8 inches, female approx. 1.5 inches)

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9
Q

urinary meatus

A

the opening through which urine passes to the outside

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10
Q

cyst/o, vesic/o

A

bladder, sac

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11
Q

glomerul/o

A

glomerulus

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12
Q

meat/o

A

meatus (opening)

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13
Q

nephr/o, ren/o

A

kidney

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14
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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15
Q

ureter/o

A

ureter

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16
Q

urethr/o

A

urethra

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17
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin

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18
Q

azot/o

A

urea, nitrogen

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19
Q

blast/o

A

developing cell, germ cell

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20
Q

glcos/o, glyc/o

A

sugar

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21
Q

hydr/o

A

water

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22
Q

lith/o

A

stone, calculus

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23
Q

noct/i

A

night

24
Q

olig/o

A

few, scanty

25
Q

urin/o, ur/o

A

urine, urinary tract

26
Q

-iasis, -esis

A

condition

27
Q

-lysis

A

loosening, dissolution, separating

28
Q

-ptosis

A

drooping, sagging, prolapse

29
Q

-rrhaphy

A

suturing, repairing

30
Q

-tripsy

A

surgical crushing

31
Q

-trophy

A

nourishment, development

32
Q

-uria

A

urine, urination

33
Q

epispadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the upper surface of the penis

34
Q

hypospadias

A

congenital defect in which the urinary meatus is located on the underside of the penis (similar in females)

35
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged

36
Q

renal calculus

A

stone in the kidney

37
Q

renal failure

A

loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte imbalance

38
Q

renal hypertension

A

elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

39
Q

urinary retention

A

abnormal accumulation of urine in the bladder because of an inability to urinate

40
Q

urinary suppression

A

sudden stoppage of urine formation

41
Q

urinary tract infection

A

UTI: infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract

42
Q

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

A

(ESWL): noninvasive surgical procedure to crush stones in the kidney or ureter by shockwave

43
Q

fulguration

A

destruction of living tissue with an electric spark (commonly used on bladder growths)

44
Q

renal transplant

A

surgical implantation of donor kidney into a patient with inadequate renal function

45
Q

Laboratory diagnostic words

A

KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder)
BUN (blood, urine, nitrogen)
creatinine, SG (specific gravity), UA (urinalysis)

46
Q

catheter

A

(cath) flexible, tubelike devicel such as urinary catheter, for withdrawing or inserting fluids

47
Q

distended

A

stretched out (a bladder is distended when filled with urine)

48
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary urination

49
Q

hemodialysis

A

(HD) procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so

50
Q

incontinence

A

inability to control bladder/bowels

51
Q

micturate

A

to urinate or void

52
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so

53
Q

stricture

A

abnormal narrowing, such as urethral stricture

54
Q

urinal

A

receptacle for urine

55
Q

urodynamics

A

pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract

56
Q

void

A

to empty or evacuate waste material, especially urine

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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