Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 16: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM > Flashcards

CHAPTER 16: ENDOCRINE SYSTEM Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Endocrine Glands (ductless glands)

A

Secrete hormones directly into bloodstream to influence metabolic activities, growth, and development

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hormones

A

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pituitary Gland

A

Approx. size of a pea and is located at base of brain. Consists of 2 lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Anterior lobe (pituitary)

A

Produces & secretes hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Growth Hormone (GH)

A

Produced by anterior pituitary. Regulates growth of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone (ACTH)

A

Produced by anterior pituitary. Stimulates adrenal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

Produced by anterior pituitary. Stimulates thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Gonadotropic Hormones: Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH) & Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

Produced by anterior pituitary. Stimulates the gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Prolactin or Lactogenic hormone (PRLH)

A

Produced by anterior pituitary. Promotes development of glandular tissue during pregnancy & produces milk after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Posterior lobe (pituitary)

A

Stores & releases antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin (both made in hypothalamus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

A

Produced in hypothalamus; stored in and released from posterior pituitary. Stimulates kidney to reabsorb water & constricts BVs to maintain BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Oxytocin

A

Produced in hypothalamus; stored in and released from posterior pituitary. Stimulates uterine contractions during labor and postpartum, and lactation postpartum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Located superior to pituitary gland. Secretes “releasing” hormones to stimulate/inhibit release of pituitary gland hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Thyroid Gland

A

Largest endocrine gland. Located anteriorly in neck below larynx. Comprised of bilateral lobes connected by an isthmus. Produces & secretes hormones T3 & T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Produced by thyroid and requires iodine for production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Thyroxine (T4)

A

Produced by thyroid and requires iodine for production. Needed for body cell metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Parathyroid Gland(s)

A

Four small bodies embedded in posterior aspect of thyroid lobes. Produces Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

A

Produced by parathyroid. Helps maintain level of Ca in blood via effects on bones & kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Islets of Langerhans

A

Clusters of endocrine tissue found throughout the pancreas. Made up of various cell types that secrete various hormones (i.e. insulin, glucagon). Also has non-endocrine cells that secrete enzymes for digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Adrenal Glands

A

Paired glands, one superior to each kidney. Outer portion of gland is adrenal cortex and inner portion is adrenal medulla. Produces/secretes hormones.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cortisol (hydrocortisone)

A

Hormone produced/secreted by adrenal cortex. Aids body during stress by increasing glucose levels in blood for energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Aldosterone

A

Hormone produced/secreted by adrenal cortex. Regulates electrolyte levels (mineral salts)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Epinephrine (Adrenaline), Norepinephrine (Noradrenaline)

A

Hormones produced/secreted by adrenal medulla. Help body deal with stress by increasing BP, HR, & respiration rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

adren/o, adrenal/o

A

adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

cortic/o

A

cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

endrocrin/o

A

endrocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

pituitar/o

A

pituitary gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

acr/o

A

extremities, height

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

calc/i

A

calcium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

dips/o

A

thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

kal/i

A

potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

natr/o

A

sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

-drome

A

run, running

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Acromegaly

A

Enlargement of extremities/face due to excessive production of GH by pituitary after puberty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Adrenalitis

A

Inflammation of the adrenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Adrenomegaly

A

Enlargement of adrenal gland(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Excessive Ca in blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Hyperglycemia

A

Excessive glucose in blood

41
Q

Hyperkalemia

A

Excessive K in blood

42
Q

Hyperparathyroidism

A

Excessive parathyroid gland activity. Leads to hypercalcemia -> osteoporosis. Other sx include muscle weakness, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, & drowsiness

43
Q

Hyperpituitarism

A

Excessive pituitary activity (increased hormone secretions)

44
Q

Hyperthyroidism

A

Excessive thyroid activity (increased hormone secretions). Sx include weight loss, irritability, & heat intolerance

45
Q

Hypocalcemia

A

Deficient Ca in blood

46
Q

Hypoglycemia

A

Deficient glucose in blood

47
Q

Hypokalemia

A

Deficient K in blood

48
Q

Hyponatremia

A

Deficient Na in blood

49
Q

Hypopituitarism

A

Deficiency in pituitary gland activity. Can affect function of the target endocrine gland (i.e. hypothyroidism resulting from decrease in TSH secreted by pituitary)

50
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Deficiency in thyroid gland activity. Sx include weight gain, fatigue, & cold intolerance

51
Q

Panhypopituitarism

A

State of total deficiency of pituitary gland activity (characterized by decreased secretion of ALL AP hormones). Much more serious than hypopituitarism.

52
Q

Parathyroidoma

A

Tumor of parathyroid gland

53
Q

Addison disease

A

Chronic syndrome due to deficiency in hormonal secretion from adrenal cortex. Sx include weakness, hypotension, weight loss, skin darkening, & appetite loss

54
Q

Congenital hypothyroidism

A

Caused by congenital absence or atrophy of thyroid gland. Sx include puffy features, mental deficiency, large tongue, and dwarfism

55
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

Excessive production of cortisol by adrenal cortices. May be result of a pituitary tumor that produces ACTH, or a primary adrenal cortex hyper-secretion. Sx include abnormal skin pigmentation, “moon face,” chest/abdomen pads of fat, “buffalo hump,” wasting away of muscle, & hypertension

56
Q

Diabetes insipidus (DI)

A

Result of decreased secretion of ADH by posterior pituitary. Sx include excessive thirst (polydipsia), lg. amts. of urine (polyuria), & water being excreted from body

57
Q

Diabetes mellitus (DM)

A

Chronic disease involving disorder of carbohydrate metabolism. Insulin-producing islets of Langerhans are under-active causing hyperglycemia. Can cause chronic renal disease, retinopathy, & neuropathy. Severe cases include ketosis, acidosis, & coma

58
Q

Giantism

A

Due to hyper-secretion of GH by pituitary gland before puberty

59
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of thyroid gland. May be caused by autoimmune diseases of thyroid (Graves or Hashimoto thyroiditis), iodine deficiency, or presence of multiple nodules

60
Q

Graves disease

A

Autoimmune disorder of thyroid characterized by production of excessive thyroid hormone, goiter, & exophthalmos (protrusion of eyeballs)

61
Q

Ketoacidosis

A

Results from uncontrolled DM in which acid ketones accumulate from fat metabolism in the absence of adequate insulin. Can lead to coma/death

62
Q

Metabolic syndrome (syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome)

A

Signs/sx include insulin resistance, obesity, hypertension, hyperglycemia, elevated triglycerides, & low levels of HDL (“good” cholesterol). Risks include development of Type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, or stroke

63
Q

Myxedema

A

Results from extreme deficiency of thyroxine (hypothyroidism) in adults. Sx include puffiness of face/hands, coarse/thickened skin, enlarged tongue, slow speech, & anemia

64
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Tumor of adrenal medulla. Usually non-malignant. Sx include hypertension, headaches, palpitations, diaphoresis, chest pain, & abdominal pain.

65
Q

Tetany

A

Condition affecting nerves causing muscle spasms due to low Ca levels in blood (caused by deficiency of parathyroid hormone)

66
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition caused by excessive thyroid hormones

67
Q

Type 1 DM (IDDM - Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus)

A

Autoimmune disease in which beta cells of pancreas are destroyed, eventually no insulin is produced. Early/abrupt onset. Sx include polyuria, polydipsia, weight loss, & hyperglycemia. Ketoacidosis is most severe outcome if not treated

68
Q

Type 2 DM (NIDDM - Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus / AODM - Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus)

A

Resistance of cell receptors to insulin, coupled with a decrease in ability of pancreas to produce enough insulin to overcome the resistance. Occurs later in life, slow onset. Caused by an unhealthy lifestyle. Sx include fatigue, blurred vision, thirst, & hyperglycemia.

69
Q

Adenectomy

A

Excision of all or part of a gland

70
Q

Adrenalectomy

A

Excision of adrenal gland(s)

71
Q

Pancreatectomy

A

Excision of pancreas

72
Q

Parathyroidectomy

A

Excision of parathyroid gland(s)

73
Q

Thyroidectomy

A

Excision of thyroid gland

74
Q

Thyroidotomy

A

Incision of thyroid gland

75
Q

Thyroparathyroidectomy

A

Excision of thyroid and parathyhroid

76
Q

Radioactive Iodine Uptake (RAIU)

A

Nuclear medicine scan that measures thyroid function. Usually used to determine cause of hyperthyroidism. Radioactive iodine is given orally

77
Q

Sestamibi parathyroid scan

A

Nuclear medicine procedure used to localize hyperactive parathyroid glands. Determined by radioactive substance uptake

78
Q

Thyroid sonography

A

Ultrasound test of thyroid gland used to determine if a nodule is benign/malignant, and if it cystic or solid. Also used to help guide a fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy

79
Q

Fasting blood sugar (FBS)

A

Blood test to determine amt. of glucose in blood after fasting. May indicate DM if levels are elevated

80
Q

Fine needle aspiration (FNA)

A

Biopsy technique using narrow hollow needle to obtain tiny amts. of tissue for pathologic examination (i.e. thyroid nodules)

81
Q 
Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1C)
(aka glycated hemoglobin, hemoglobin A1C, A1C test)
A

Blood test to diagnose/monitor treatment by measuring amt. of glucose bound to hemoglobin. HbA1C provides an indication of blood sugar levels over 3 months

82
Q

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) level

A

Blood test that measures TSH levels

83
Q

Thyroxine level (T4)

A

Blood test that gives direct measurement of amt. of thyroxine in blood. Greater than normal = hyperthyroidism & visa versa

84
Q

Adrenocorticohyperplasia

A

excessive development of adrenal cortex

85
Q

Adrenopathy

A

Disease of adrenal gland

86
Q

Cortical

A

Pertaining to the cortex

87
Q

Corticoid

A

Resembling the cortex

88
Q

Endocrinologist

A

Physician who studies/treats diseases of endocrine system

89
Q

Endocrinology

A

Study of endocrine system

90
Q

Endrocrinopathy

A

Any disease of endocrine system

91
Q

Euglycemia

A

Normal blood glucose levels

92
Q

Euthyroid

A

Normal thyroid gland function

93
Q

Glycemia

A

Sugar in the blood

94
Q

Polydipsia

A

State of excessive thirst

95
Q

Syndrome

A

Signs/symptoms that occur together

96
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Abnormal protrusion of eyeball

97
Q

Incretins

A

A group of hormones produced by the GI system that stimulate the release of insulin from pancreas & help preserve beta cells

98
Q

Isthmus

A

Narrow strip of tissue connecting 2 larger parts in the body

99
Q

Metabolism

A

Sum total of all chemical processes that occur in a living organism

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions