CHAPTER 2: BODY STRUCTURE, COLOR, AND ONCOLOGY Flashcards
1
Q
Cytogenic
A
Producing cells
2
Q
Cytoid
A
Resembling a cell
3
Q
Cytology
A
Study of cells
4
Q
Cytoplasm
A
Cell substance
5
Q
Dysplasia
A
Abnormal development
6
Q
Epithelial
A
Pertaining to epitheluim
7
Q
Erythrocyte
A
Red blood cell
8
Q
Erythrocytosis
A
Increase in the number of RBCs
9
Q
Histology
A
Study of tissue
10
Q
Hyperplasia
A
Excessive development (number of cells)
11
Q
Hypoplasia
A
Incomplete development (of an organ or tissue)
12
Q
Karyocyte
A
Cell with a nucleus
13
Q
Karyoplasm
A
Substance with a nucleus
14
Q
Leukocyte
A
White blood cell
15
Q
Leukocytosis
A
Increase in the number of white blood cells
16
Q
Lipoid
A
Resembling fat
17
Q
Myopathy
A
Disease of the muscle
18
Q
Organomegaly
A
Enlargement of an organ
19
Q
Somatic
A
Pertaining to the body
20
Q
Systemic
A
pertaining to a body system, or body as a whole
21
Q
Visceral
A
Pertaining to the internal organs
22
Q
Cell
A
Basic unit of all life
23
Q
Tissue
A
Group of similar cells that perform a specific function
24
Q
Organ
A
Two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions
25
System
A group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions
26
Cell membrane
Boundary of a cell
27
Cytoplasm
Gel-like fluid inside the cell
28
Nucleus
Central structure containing chromosomes
29
Types of Tissues
1. Muscle, 2. Nervous, 3. Connective, 4. Epithelial
30
Muscle Tissue
Composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
31
Nervous Tissue
Conducts impulses to and from the brain
32
Connective Tissue
Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures
33
Epithelial Tissue
Found in the skin and lining of the blood vessels
34
Chromosomes
46 in human cells except for mature sex cells which have 23
35
Genes
Regions within the chromosomes (determine hereditary characteristics)
36
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Each gene is composed of DNA, a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell
37
Integumentary System
Composed of the skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temp, and helps manufacture vit. D
38
Respiratory System
Composed of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of O2 and CO2 within the body
39
Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.
40
Reproductive System
Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.
Male: testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction
41
Cardiovascular System
Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body
42
Lymphatic System
Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid
43
Digestive System
Composed of GI tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.
44
Musculoskeletal System
Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces RBCs.
45
Nervous System
Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages
46
Endocrine System
Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many body activities.
47
Body Cavities
1. Cranial, 2. Spinal, 3. Thoracic/chest, 4. Abdominal, 5. Pelvic
48
Aden/o
gland
49
Cyt/o
cell
50
Epitheli/o
epithelium
51
fibr/o
fiber
52
hist/o
tissue
53
kary/o
nucleus
54
lip/o
fat
55
my/o
muscle
56
neur/o
nerve
57
organ/o
organ
58
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
59
system/o
system
60
viscer/o
internal organs
61
Cancer/o, carcin/o
cancer
62
eti/o
cause of disease
63
gno/o
knowledge
64
iatr/o
treat, cure, physician
65
lei/o
smooth
66
onc/o
tumor, mass
67
path/o
disease
68
rhabd/o
rod-shaped, striated
69
somat/o
body
70
Clor/o
green
71
chrom/o
color
72
cyan/o
blue
73
erythr/o
red
74
leuk/o
white
75
melan/o
black
76
xanth/o
yellow
77
dia-
through, complete
78
dys-
painful, abnormal, difficult, labored
79
hyper-
above, excessive
80
hypo-
below, incomplete, deficient, under
81
meta-
after, beyond, change
82
neo-
new
83
pro-
before
84
-al, -ic, -ous
pertaining to
85
-cyte
cell
86
-gen
substance or agent that causes or produces
87
-genic
producing, originating, causing
88
-logist
one who studies and treats
89
-logy
study of
90
-megaly
enlargement
91
-oid
resembling
92
-oma
tumor, swelling
93
-osis
abnormal condition (blood=increase)
94
-pathy
disease
95
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
96
-plasm
growth, formation, substance
97
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
98
-sis
state of
99
-stasis
control, stop, standstill
100
cancerous
pertaining to cancer
101
carcinogen
substance that causes cancer
102
carcinogenic
producing cancer
103
cyanosis
abnormal condition of blue (discoloration especially of the skin caused by inadequate oxygen supply)
104
diagnosis
state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)
105
etiology
study of causes (of dieases)
106
iatrogenic
produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)
107
iatrology
study of medicine
108
metastasis
(mets) beyond control, transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors
109
oncogenic
causing tumors
110
oncologist
physician who studies and treats malignant tumors
111
oncology
study of tumors
112
organic
pertaining to organ
113
pathogenic
producing disease
114
pathologist
physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)
115
Pathology
study of disease
116
Prognosis
Px, state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)
117
Xanthochromic
Pertaining to yellow color
118
Xanthosis
abnormal condition of yellow, discoloration
119
Apoptosis
programmed cell death
120
benign
not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery
121
biological therapy
treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system (immunotherapy)
122
carcinoma in situ
cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue
123
chemotherapy
tx of cancer with drugs
124
encapsulated
enclosed with a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated
125
exacerbation
increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms
126
hospice
provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families
127
idiopathic
pertaining to disease of unknown origin
128
inflammation
localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain
129
in vitro
within a glass, observable within a test tube
130
in vivo
within the living body
131
malignant
tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer
132
morbidity
state of being diseased or unwell, incidence of the number of deaths in a popualtion
133
mortality
state of being mortal (death) ; incidence of illness in a population
134
palliative
providing relief but not care
135
radiation therapy (XRT)
treatment of cancer with radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation
136
remission
improvement or absence of signs of illness
