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Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 2: BODY STRUCTURE, COLOR, AND ONCOLOGY > Flashcards

CHAPTER 2: BODY STRUCTURE, COLOR, AND ONCOLOGY Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Cytogenic

A

Producing cells

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2
Q

Cytoid

A

Resembling a cell

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3
Q

Cytology

A

Study of cells

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4
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Cell substance

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5
Q

Dysplasia

A

Abnormal development

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6
Q

Epithelial

A

Pertaining to epitheluim

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7
Q

Erythrocyte

A

Red blood cell

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8
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Increase in the number of RBCs

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9
Q

Histology

A

Study of tissue

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10
Q

Hyperplasia

A

Excessive development (number of cells)

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11
Q

Hypoplasia

A

Incomplete development (of an organ or tissue)

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12
Q

Karyocyte

A

Cell with a nucleus

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13
Q

Karyoplasm

A

Substance with a nucleus

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14
Q

Leukocyte

A

White blood cell

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15
Q

Leukocytosis

A

Increase in the number of white blood cells

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16
Q

Lipoid

A

Resembling fat

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17
Q

Myopathy

A

Disease of the muscle

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18
Q

Organomegaly

A

Enlargement of an organ

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19
Q

Somatic

A

Pertaining to the body

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20
Q

Systemic

A

pertaining to a body system, or body as a whole

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21
Q

Visceral

A

Pertaining to the internal organs

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22
Q

Cell

A

Basic unit of all life

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23
Q

Tissue

A

Group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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24
Q

Organ

A

Two or more kinds of tissues that together perform special body functions

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25
Q

System

A

A group of organs that work together to perform complex body functions

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26
Q

Cell membrane

A

Boundary of a cell

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27
Q

Cytoplasm

A

Gel-like fluid inside the cell

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28
Q

Nucleus

A

Central structure containing chromosomes

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29
Q

Types of Tissues

A
  1. Muscle, 2. Nervous, 3. Connective, 4. Epithelial
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30
Q

Muscle Tissue

A

Composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement

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31
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

Conducts impulses to and from the brain

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32
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures

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33
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Found in the skin and lining of the blood vessels

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34
Q

Chromosomes

A

46 in human cells except for mature sex cells which have 23

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35
Q

Genes

A

Regions within the chromosomes (determine hereditary characteristics)

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36
Q

DNA

A

Deoxyribonucleic Acid: Each gene is composed of DNA, a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell

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37
Q

Integumentary System

A

Composed of the skin, nails, and glands. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temp, and helps manufacture vit. D

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38
Q

Respiratory System

A

Composed of nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of O2 and CO2 within the body

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39
Q

Urinary System

A

Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration.

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40
Q

Reproductive System

A

Female: ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands.
Male: testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction

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41
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body

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42
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides for defense against infection and drainage of extracellular fluid

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43
Q

Digestive System

A

Composed of GI tract: mouth, esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.

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44
Q

Musculoskeletal System

A

Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces RBCs.

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45
Q

Nervous System

A

Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages

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46
Q

Endocrine System

A

Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many body activities.

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47
Q

Body Cavities

A
  1. Cranial, 2. Spinal, 3. Thoracic/chest, 4. Abdominal, 5. Pelvic
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48
Q

Aden/o

A

gland

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49
Q

Cyt/o

A

cell

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50
Q

Epitheli/o

A

epithelium

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51
Q

fibr/o

A

fiber

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52
Q

hist/o

A

tissue

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53
Q

kary/o

A

nucleus

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54
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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55
Q

my/o

A

muscle

56
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

57
Q

organ/o

A

organ

58
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh, connective tissue

59
Q

system/o

A

system

60
Q

viscer/o

A

internal organs

61
Q

Cancer/o, carcin/o

A

cancer

62
Q

eti/o

A

cause of disease

63
Q

gno/o

A

knowledge

64
Q

iatr/o

A

treat, cure, physician

65
Q

lei/o

A

smooth

66
Q

onc/o

A

tumor, mass

67
Q

path/o

A

disease

68
Q

rhabd/o

A

rod-shaped, striated

69
Q

somat/o

A

body

70
Q

Clor/o

A

green

71
Q

chrom/o

A

color

72
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

73
Q

erythr/o

A

red

74
Q

leuk/o

A

white

75
Q

melan/o

A

black

76
Q

xanth/o

A

yellow

77
Q

dia-

A

through, complete

78
Q

dys-

A

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

79
Q

hyper-

A

above, excessive

80
Q

hypo-

A

below, incomplete, deficient, under

81
Q

meta-

A

after, beyond, change

82
Q

neo-

A

new

83
Q

pro-

A

before

84
Q

-al, -ic, -ous

A

pertaining to

85
Q

-cyte

A

cell

86
Q

-gen

A

substance or agent that causes or produces

87
Q

-genic

A

producing, originating, causing

88
Q

-logist

A

one who studies and treats

89
Q

-logy

A

study of

90
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

91
Q

-oid

A

resembling

92
Q

-oma

A

tumor, swelling

93
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition (blood=increase)

94
Q

-pathy

A

disease

95
Q

-plasia

A

condition of formation, development, growth

96
Q

-plasm

A

growth, formation, substance

97
Q

-sarcoma

A

malignant tumor

98
Q

-sis

A

state of

99
Q

-stasis

A

control, stop, standstill

100
Q

cancerous

A

pertaining to cancer

101
Q

carcinogen

A

substance that causes cancer

102
Q

carcinogenic

A

producing cancer

103
Q

cyanosis

A

abnormal condition of blue (discoloration especially of the skin caused by inadequate oxygen supply)

104
Q

diagnosis

A

state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)

105
Q

etiology

A

study of causes (of dieases)

106
Q

iatrogenic

A

produced by a physician (the unexpected results from a treatment prescribed by a physician)

107
Q

iatrology

A

study of medicine

108
Q

metastasis

A

(mets) beyond control, transfer of cells from one organ to another, as in malignant tumors

109
Q

oncogenic

A

causing tumors

110
Q

oncologist

A

physician who studies and treats malignant tumors

111
Q

oncology

A

study of tumors

112
Q

organic

A

pertaining to organ

113
Q

pathogenic

A

producing disease

114
Q

pathologist

A

physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)

115
Q

Pathology

A

study of disease

116
Q

Prognosis

A

Px, state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)

117
Q

Xanthochromic

A

Pertaining to yellow color

118
Q

Xanthosis

A

abnormal condition of yellow, discoloration

119
Q

Apoptosis

A

programmed cell death

120
Q

benign

A

not malignant, nonrecurrent, favorable for recovery

121
Q

biological therapy

A

treatment of cancer with biological response modifiers (BRM) that work with the immune system (immunotherapy)

122
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancer in the early stage before invading surrounding tissue

123
Q

chemotherapy

A

tx of cancer with drugs

124
Q

encapsulated

A

enclosed with a capsule, as with benign or malignant tumors that have not spread beyond the capsule of the organ in which it originated

125
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in the severity of a disease or its symptoms

126
Q

hospice

A

provides palliative or supportive care for terminally ill patients and their families

127
Q

idiopathic

A

pertaining to disease of unknown origin

128
Q

inflammation

A

localized protective response to injury or tissue destruction characterized by swelling, redness, heat, and pain

129
Q

in vitro

A

within a glass, observable within a test tube

130
Q

in vivo

A

within the living body

131
Q

malignant

A

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer

132
Q

morbidity

A

state of being diseased or unwell, incidence of the number of deaths in a popualtion

133
Q

mortality

A

state of being mortal (death) ; incidence of illness in a population

134
Q

palliative

A

providing relief but not care

135
Q

radiation therapy (XRT)

A

treatment of cancer with radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation

136
Q

remission

A

improvement or absence of signs of illness

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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