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Medical Terminology > CHAPTER 10: CARDIOVASCULAR, IMMUNE, LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS AND BLOOD > Flashcards

CHAPTER 10: CARDIOVASCULAR, IMMUNE, LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS AND BLOOD Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cardiovascular system consists of:

A

the heart, closed network of blood vessels composed of arteries, capillaries, and veins

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2
Q

Function of cardiovascular system

A

Heart functions as 2 pumps operating simultaneously: the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs, the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.

Exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste between blood and body tissue takes place in the capillaries

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3
Q

heart

A

muscular cone shaped organ located behind breast bone and between lungs; the pumping action circulates blood throughout body

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4
Q

Chambers of the heart

A

upper: right and left atria
lower: right and left ventricles

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5
Q

antrioventricular valves

A

tricuspid and mitral valves: lie between the right atrium and the right ventricle and the left atrium and left ventricle, respectfully. Valves of the heart keep blood flowing in one direction

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6
Q

semilunar valves

A

pulmonary and aortic valves, located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively

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7
Q

pericardium

A

two-layer sac surrounding the heart, an external fibrous and an internal serous layer that secretes a fluid that facilitates movement of the heart

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8
Q

3 layers of the heart

A

epicardium: covers the heart, myocardium: middle, thick, muscular layer
endocardium: inner lining of the heart

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9
Q

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body

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10
Q

arteries

A

carry blood containing oxygen and other nutrients away from the heart to the body walls, except for the pulmonary artery, which carries carbon dioxide and other waste products to the lungs

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11
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries

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12
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

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13
Q

veins

A

carry blood containing carbon dioxide and other waste products back to the heart, except for the pulmonary vein, which carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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14
Q

venules

A

smallest veins in the body

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15
Q

venae cavae

A

largest veins in the body

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16
Q

capillaries

A

connect arterioles with venules; exchange of gases takes place in capillaries

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17
Q

Function of blood

A

maintains internal balance in body, transportation of waste, O2, CO2, hormones, protection against microorganisms, regulation of body temp and maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance

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18
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspected

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19
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells that carry O2

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20
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells that combat infection

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21
Q

thrombocytes

A

(platelets) responsible for aiding in the clotting process

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22
Q

The lymphatic system consists of:

A

lymph transported through lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, the spleen and thymus gland

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23
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

returns excessive tissue fluid to the blood, absorbs fats and fat soluble vitamins from the SI and transports them to the blood and provides defense against protection

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24
Q

lymph

A

transparent, colorless tissue fluid; lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes

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25
Q

lymph vessels

A

transport lymph from body tissues to a large vein in the chest

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26
Q

lymph nodes

A

small, spherical bodies made up of lymphoid tissue; act as filters in keeping substances such as bacteria from the blood

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27
Q

spleen

A

located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm; largest lymphatic organ in the body

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28
Q

thymus gland

A

located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs; plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system

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29
Q

Functions of immune system

A

protects the body against pathogens (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), foreign agents that cause allergic reactions or toxins (insect bites), and abnormal body cells (ex. cancer)

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30
Q

3 lines of defense of immune system

A

first line: mechanical and chemical barries
second line: natural killer cells-protective proteins
third line: specific immunity, formation of specific antibodies to fight against the infectious agent

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31
Q

angi/o

A

vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)

32
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

33
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

34
Q

atri/o

A

atrium

35
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

36
Q

lymph/o

A

lymph, lymph tissue

37
Q

lymphaden/o

A

lymph node

38
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow

39
Q

phleb/o, ven/o

A

vein

40
Q

plasm/o

A

plasma

41
Q

splen/o

A

spleen

42
Q

thym/o

A

thymus gland

43
Q

valv/o, valvul/o

A

valve

44
Q

ventricul/o

A

ventricle

45
Q

ather/o

A

yellowish, fatty plaque

46
Q

ech/o

A

sound

47
Q

electr/o

A

electricity, electrical activity

48
Q

isch/o

A

deficiency, blockage

49
Q

therm/o

A

heat

50
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

51
Q

brady-

A

slow

52
Q

pan-

A

all, total

53
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

54
Q

-apheresis

A

removal

55
Q

-penia

A

abnormal reduction in number

56
Q

-poiesis

A

formation

57
Q

-sclerosis

A

hardening

58
Q

acute coronary syndrome

A

ACS, sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction

59
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

60
Q

angina pectoris

A

chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle

61
Q

arrhythmia

A

any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

62
Q

atrial fibrillation

A

AFib, cardiac arrhythmias characterized by chaotic, rapid, electrical impulses in the atria (atria quiver instead of contracting)

63
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation

64
Q

cardiac tamponade

A

acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity

65
Q

coarctation of the aorta

A

congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta

66
Q

congenital heart disease

A

heart abnormality present at birth

67
Q

coronary artery disease

A

(CAD) condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium

68
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

(DVT) condition of thrombus (blood clot) in a deep vein of the body, typically in lower extremities

69
Q

heart failure

A

(HF) inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissues and organs with enough O2 and nutrients

70
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

(HHD) disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

71
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking; a condition seen in peripheral arterial disease

72
Q

ischemia

A

deficient blood flow due to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel, can lead to myocardial infarction

73
Q

mitral valve stenosis

A

narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

74
Q

myocardial infarction

A

(MI) heart attack, necrosis of a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply

75
Q

peripheral arterial disease

A

(PAD) disease of the arteries of arms and legs resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery (also called PVD, peripheral vascular disease)

76
Q

rheumatic heart disease

A

damage to the heart muscle or heart valve caused by one or more episodes of rheumatoid fever

77
Q

varicose veins

A

distended or tortuous vein usually found in the lower extremities

Medical Terminology (17 decks)

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