Chapter 8: Families

Question 1

Reciprocal Socialization

Answer 1

the process by which children and adolescents socialize parents just as parents socialize them

Question 2

Multiple development trajectories

Answer 2

concept that adults follow one trajectory and children and adolescents another one; how these trajectories mesh is important

Question 3

Emotional Autonomy

Answer 3

The capacity to relinquish childlike dependence on parents

Question 4

Secure Attachment

Answer 4

use primary caregiver as a secure base from which to explore the environment

Question 5

Insecure attachment

Answer 5

either avoid caregiver or show resistance

Question 6

dismissing/ avoidant

Answer 6

insecure attachment: individuals deemphasize the importance of attachment

Question 7

preoccupied/ ambivalent

Answer 7

insecure attachment: adolescents are hyperattuned to attachment experiences

Question 8

unresolved/ disorganized

Answer 8

insecure attachment: adolescent has high level of fear and is disoriented

Question 9

boundary ambiguity

Answer 9

the uncertainty in stepfamilies about who is in or out of the family and who is performing or responsible for certain tasks in the family system

Question 10

3 important characteristics of sibling relationships

Answer 10

1. emotional quality
2. familiarity and intimacy
3. variation

Question 11

Patterson

Answer 11

This article explored the question as to whether parental sexual orientation had effects on child or adolescent development. They concluded that it has no effect, and children of gay or lesbian parents appeared to develop in the same ways as children with heterosexual parents.