Chapter 5: Gender

Question 1

Evolutionary Theory

Answer 1

adaptation, reproduction, and survival of the fittest are important in shaping behavior

Question 2

Social Role Theory (Alice Eagly)

Answer 2

gender differences mainly result from the contrasting roles of females and males

Question 3

Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 3

gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior, and through rewards and punishments they experience for gender behaviors

Question 4

Gender Schema Theory

Answer 4

internal motivation to conform to gender-based sociocultural standards and stereotypes

Question 5

Gender Role Transcendence

Answer 5

when an individual’s competence is at issue, it should be conceptualized on a person basis rather than on the basis of masculinity, femininity or androgyny

Question 6

Gender Intensification Hypothesis

Answer 6

psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become greater during early adolescence because of increased socialization pressures to conform to traditional gender roles

Question 7

Van der Graff et al (2013)

Answer 7

They speculate that gender roles and expectations may contribute to the low levels of empathetic concern among early and mid-adolescent boys
(gender intensification hypothesis)