Chapter 2: Biological Development

Question 1

Androgens

Answer 1

main class of male sex hormones

Question 2

Estrogens

Answer 2

main class of female sex hormones

Question 3

adrenarche

Answer 3

puberty phase involving hormonal changes in the adrenal glands - occurs early 6-9 years

Question 4

gonadarche

Answer 4

maturation of primary sexual characteristics (ovaries and testes) and secondary sexual characteristics (pubic hair, breast and genital) 2 years after adrenarche

Question 5

precocious puberty

Answer 5

the very early onset and rapid progression of puberty

Question 6

female athlete triad

Answer 6

combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis that may develop in female adolescents and college students

Question 7

adaptive behavior

Answer 7

a modification of behavior that promotes an organism’s survival in the natural habitat

Question 8

chromosomes

Answer 8

structures that contain DNA

Question 9

DNA

Answer 9

complex molecule that contains genetic information

Question 10

genes

Answer 10

units of hereditary info which are short segments composed of DNA

Question 11

Passive-genotype-environment correlations

Answer 11

correlations that occur because of biological parents, who are genetically related to the child, provide a rearing environment for the child

Question 12

Evocative-genotype-environment correlations

Answer 12

an adolescent’s genetically shaped characteristics elicit certain types of physical and social environments

Question 13

active (niche-picking) genotype-environment

Answer 13

when children seek out environments that they find compatible and stimulating

Question 14

mediating factors between puberty and developmental outcomes

Answer 14

changes in self-image, perceived attractiveness, SES, role change, change in school, ability to cope with stress