Chapter 3: Brain and Cognitive Development

Question 1

adolescent brain

Answer 1

increase in white matter (myelinated axons) and decrease in grey matter (soma and dendrites)

Question 2

NT dopamine

Answer 2

increase –> more risk taking and use of addictive drugs

Question 3

Corpus Callosum

Answer 3

thickening improves adolescent’s ability to process information

Question 4

PFC

Answer 4

reasoning, decision making, and self-control

Question 5

Amygdala

Answer 5

emotions- develops earlier than PFC – so they have trouble controlling emotions

Question 6

Vygotsky social constructionist approach

Answer 6

emphasizes social contexts of learning and the construction of knowledge through social interaction

Question 7

Executive functioning

Answer 7

higher-order, complex cognitive processes that include exercising cognitive control, making decisions, reasoning, thinking critically, thinking creatively, and metacognition

Question 8

Cognitive Control

Answer 8

flexible thinking, controlling attention, reducing interfering thoughts

Question 9

Dual-process model

Answer 9

analytical and experiential systems compete with one another

Question 10

Intelligence

Answer 10

the ability to solve problems and to adapt and learn from everyday experiences

Question 11

Sternberg

Answer 11

analytical, creative, and practical

Question 12

Gardner

Answer 12

verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist

Question 13

social cognition

Answer 13

the ways people conceptualize and reason about their social worlds