Chapter 8: Education Flashcards
a social institution where society passes on cultural values, norms, and skills related to social interaction and productivity
education
in wealthy countries, education is based on ________ or _________ by trained educators
schooling
standardized instruction
the Toronto District Board classifies student’s early development into 5 domains:
- physical health and well-being
- social competence
- emotional maturity
- language and cognitive development
- communication skills and general knowledge
children with earlier birthdays (jan-mar) are
earlier developed
most common reason more students are earning degrees is bcuz
the economy has changed
reasons more students are earning degrees:
- the Canadian labour market has shift towards a ______
- fewer _____ pay livable wages
- most jobs expect some sort of ________
- curriculums and programs now cater to a more ________
- knowledge-based economy
- service jobs
- post-secondary education
- diverse range of learners
in the 1950’s, finishing high school was not a _____. But now ___% of Canadians finish grade 9
norm
95%
developed alongside changing economic conditions
mass education systems
emphasizes what schooling achieves for social stability, order and cohesion
functionalist approach to edcuation
changing perceptions of childhood and the use of education to shape the development of the next generation
functionalist approach to education
childhood was seen as a unique part of the lifecycle in preparation for adulthood
functionalist approach to education
education arose alongside colonial anxieties about children’s defenselessness against harmful influences
functionalist perspective
was one way to ensure young ppl developed a value system that would support their integration into a perceived broader community
schooling (functionalist)
schooling rooted in racialized, classed, gendered, and sexualized anxieties about children’s development
schooling as a “civilizing project”
the process of “ensuring children adopted a common value system” is not
neutral
transition to ______ allowed colonial gov to exert more control over the education system
textually mediated education
expansion of gov control in a new and growing nation (schooling was part of a larger process of building an independent country)
textually mediated education
before the Quiet Revolution (1961), the English school system was more oriented to
university admissions
the way the education systems in Quebec was organized led to ______ between french and english speaking pop in terms of _____, _____, and _______
- inequalities
- employment
- income
- academic outcomes
after the Quiet revolution, the education system was
standardized
after the Quiet revolution, the influence of the _____ greatly reduced in both English and French schools
church
is the only province to reject both federal policies of bilingualism and multiculturalism
Quebec
one of the main ways that societies shape future generations and shape cultures
compulsory education
gives all kids access to literacy and numerical skills
compulsory edcuation
an assimilation tool to fundamentally destroy Indigenous ppls culture, family culture, while indoctrinating children into Eurocentric values, norms, beliefs
residential schools
as a result of residential schools, _______ is prevalent among survivors and subsequent generations
intergenerational trauma
trauma related to stress passed down by survivors to children and subsequent generations
intergenerational trauma
to address trauma caused by residential schools, First nations and Canadian gov facilitated the
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
provided residential school survivors to share their experiences in schools, and it recognizes the cultural genocide perpetuated by Canadian
the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada
is one of the primary institutions of socialization in our society
school
intended lessons transmitted thru formal education
manifest education
include formal curricula and plans and gives us skills in life to complete some basic tasks
manifest education
unintended lessons transmitted thru formal education
latent education
according to this perspective, school curricula are created thru a public consensus of what should and shouldn’t be taught in schools
functionalist perspective
anyone can voice their concerns about what should be taught in school
functionalist perspective
ppl wanting to implement sexual orientation and gender identity curricula is an example of
functionalist perspective
Weberian Bureaucracy think that _______ and ________ lead to rigorous education bureaucracies so curricula is not very affected by public
rationalized
standardization
where decisions in modern society have become more strongly guided by reason and practicality over tradition
rationalized
where procedures are developed based on standards that are agreed on thru a consensus from different parties
standardization
contend that curricula are the outcome of powerful interest prevailing over others
conflict theorists
tend to focus on the pressures from the capitalist system
conflict scholars
argue that fewer students from low socioeconomic backgrounds attend post secondary is a result of processes designed by those in power to maintain division of labour in capitalist society
conflict theorists
refers to latent education, unintended things we r taught in school
hidden curriculum
the rules, regulations, and structures of education settings that teach kids appropriate behaviour in those enviros
hidden curriculum
hidden curriculum is an example of
latent socialization in education
according to this perspective, hidden curricula teaches students about important social values, like competition and universalism
functionalist perspective
that the values and behaviours we learn in school can be translated into other settings
universalism
think that the hidden curriculum promotes capitalism and values that maintain social inequalities in our society (passivity, docility)
conflict theorists
conflict theorists argue that top-down instruction from single teacher telling class what to do and how think teaches students to ______ absorb education
passively
conflict theorists argue that these types of lessons teach us to ________ and maintain ______ to those in power
accept subordination
authority
argue that by attributing gender ideals to fields of study (STEM), we maintain inequalities between male and female students
feminist approach
feminist education scholars believe that _______ can limit the academic potential of female students in unintended ways
latent curricula
consider the manifest and latent outcomes of passing on knowledge/skills to the next generation
functionalists
question whether students are being transformed thru socialization into docile workers
conflict theorists
inquire how young ppl come to embody certain ways of being, thru socialization processes
symbolic interactionists
5 ways preschools gender children:
- dressing up
- formal and relaxed behaviours
- controlling voice
- bodily instructions
- physical interaction
boys are taught what ______ while girls are taught _____
- they should NOT do
- what to do
the education system tends to use
heteronormative logic
is embedded in school architecture (gender segregated bathrooms), uniforms, and dress codes, curricula, and events
heteronormativity
social norms that privilege the white, middle-class, heterosexual, cisgender, married couple as the ideal from of sexual relationship
heteronromativity
students are not passive recipients of sex ed… they
actively interpret sexual info in critical ways
an underrepresented approach to sex ed that incorporates info about sexual pleasure and desire
discourse erotics
educational programming that targets problematic behaviour at the level of the individual rather than the institution, addressing students attitudes towards LGBTQ community members
anti-homophobia education
found that ______ parent style was more valued and rewarded at kid’s schools
middle-class
involves actively managing children’s development thru extensive scheduled formal activities and substantial oral dialogue
concerted cultivation
_________ and ______ are valued by educators
- scheduled formal activities
- linguistic patterns
developed a sense of entitlement to have their ind preferences met in their interactions within the school system
concerted cultivation
working class parents used _______, which was not rewarded
natural growth parenting
values hierarchy and obedience, with dialogue between parents and children more focused on giving direction
natural growth parenting
meeting basic material needs and teaching kids to value hierarchy and obedience
natural growth parenting
natural growth parenting they don’t develop sense of ________, but adopt a sense of _______
entitlement
constraint
student’s interactions with teachers are not _____, but based on ________ passed on to children thru socialization
- neutral
- middle-class family norms
can influence how students interpret themselves, communities they belong to, and perception of reality
curricula
to combat Eurocentric education, with the development of
Africentric and Indigenous schools
occurs when an ind’s academic performance is hindered cuz of fears of confirming a negative stereotype they believe others hold about their racial or gender group
stereotype threat
demands skills that can only be acquired thru post-secondary education
knowledge economy
the belief that academic or other formal qualifications are the best measure of aptitude
credentialism
when the education system varies the range of classes/fields of study available to students
diversification
involves creating curricular pathways of varying difficulty
vertical diversification
provides academic programming for students at all academic skill levels
vertical diversification
involves offering more electives, introducing new areas of study
horizontal diversification
more academic options for students to choose from at each skill level
horizontal diversification
selection is also known as
academic streaming
grouping students based on their academic ability
selection
students will be put into classes that direct them toward university/college
selection
selection system makes it hard for students to ______ and _______ if they’re not part of those intended streams
- move up
- gain entry to high education institutions
divisions between student groups are maintained through
stratification
hierarchical ladder where some students with resources and abilities allow them to climb higher in society than others
stratification
