Chapter 11: Crime, Deviance, the Law and Institutional Racism

Question 1

Canadian notions of crime and law are informed by

Answer 1

Eurocentric principles

Question 2

when indigenous ppl practice their inherent traits to _____ and _____, they can be criminalized under Canadian law

Answer 2

fish and hunt

Question 3

action or behaviours that violate the social norms or an institutional code of conduct

Answer 3

deviance

Question 4

racism that is inherent in the practices of social and political institutions

Answer 4

institutional racism

Question 5

institutional racism is reflected in the __________ of indigenous ppl and a __________ in the criminal justice system

Answer 5

• high incarceration rate

- lack of indigenous employees

Question 6

institutional racism is hard to eliminate bcuz there is ________

Answer 6

no particular perpetrator

Question 7

racism maintains the existing _______ in society

Answer 7

power relations

Question 8

functions to exploit the indigenous world

Answer 8

settler colonization

Question 9

where ppl go to land that is new to them, taking land and settling while violently displacing original inhabitants

Answer 9

settler colonization

Question 10

the difference between racial prejudice and institutional racism is

Answer 10

power

Question 11

prejudice or discrimination based on an individual’s race or ethnicity

Answer 11

racial prejudice

Question 12

institutional racism is most fundamentally about

Answer 12

power relations

Question 13

is required turn prejudice into institutional racism

Answer 13

a power base

Question 14

Indigenous ppl and minorities have ability to be prejudiced but they lack a ______ to turn it into institutional racism

Answer 14

power base

Question 15

sociologists view _______ as the result of dominant group of views on others

Answer 15

prejudiced attitudes

Question 16

socially excludes indigenous communities from participating as equals in a western society

Answer 16

institutional racism

Question 17

the concepts of crime, deviance, and the law that have been used to dominate the colonized are now accepted by many as

Answer 17

colonial tools

Question 18

strategies, techniques and or discourses used by the colonizers to marginalize indigenous communities

Answer 18

colonial tools

Question 19

something to is regarded and punished as a crime within a justice system operated by the state

Answer 19

state-sanctioned crime

Question 20

banned potlach ceremonies, the rain dance and Sundance ceremonies

Answer 20

the Indian Act

Question 21

colonists saw sharing of wealth and food at potlaches as

Answer 21

wasteful

Question 22

making indigenous celebrations criminal helped in

Answer 22

assimilation efforts

Question 23

Indigenous ppl are most likely to be ________ for the same crimes and less likely to be ________

Answer 23

incarcerated

granted parole

Question 24

can be traced to residential schools effects, poverty, addictions, racialized policing and systemic discrimination

Answer 24

overincarceration

Question 25

required first nations ppl to obtain a permit to sell goods

Answer 25

permit system

Question 26

required first nations ppl to obtain a pass from the Indian Agent in order to leave reserves

Answer 26

pass system

Question 27

contributed to widespread mistrust between police and indigenous

Answer 27

pass and permit systems

Question 28

some say that the over representation in the criminal justice system is directly linked to the

Answer 28

residential schools

Question 29

altered the way indigenous ppl saw themselves and the world

Answer 29

residential schools

Question 30

a model that holds an individual accountable for their criminal and deviant actions, considers them harmful to society, and enforces criminal sanctions to remove them from society

Answer 30

western justice

Question 31

defines racialization as a procedure

Answer 31

Linden

Question 32

a process where categories of the population are constructed, differentiated, inferiorized and excluded

Answer 32

racialization

Question 33

is much different than a western colonial interpretation of indigenous ppl's social, political, and cultural ways of life

Answer 33

indigenous deviance

Question 34

is the process which led to the discrimination rise of indigenous people’s incarceration, the underdevelopment of indigenous communities and under representation of indigenous employees in criminal justice systems, schools, and universities

Answer 34

colonialism

Question 35

is considered a crime in western world but not in the indigenous world

Answer 35

land defense

Question 36

indigenous ppl have been systemically _______ from their traditional laws and justice systems

Answer 36

alienated

Question 37

the concept of indigenous deviance is defined by the

Answer 37

western colonizer

Question 38

can be considered an area of social construction designed to justify colonial dominance and rupture of lives of the indigenous ppl

Answer 38

indigenous deviance

Question 39

helped promote western perceptions of indigenous ppl as deviant

Answer 39

underdevelopment of indigenous communities

Question 40

an array of social constructions designed to justify colonial dominance and ruptured lives of indigenous ppls

Answer 40

indigenous deviance

Question 41

indigenous ppl have no __________ cuz it was suppressed for so long thru colonization

Answer 41

traditional justice system

Question 42

including the victim, offender and community in a justice process that focused on healing and repairing harm

Answer 42

healing circles

Question 43

indigenous ways of justice were suppressed by colonization bcuz they emphasized __________ rather than __________

Answer 43

- community-based healing | - punishment

Question 44

this type of justice system provides culturally appropriate methods to deal with crime

Answer 44

healing circles`

Question 45

one way the courts seek to include indigenous communities in the justice process is thru

Answer 45

sentencing circles

Question 46

it was illegal for first nations ppl to go court to sue the gov of Canada without previous permission from the

Answer 46

government

Question 47

what type of ideology does western justice have

Answer 47

punitive ideology

Question 48

western justice systems are based on

Answer 48

punishment

Question 49

in western justice systems, _______ is relied upon as a response to crime

Answer 49

incarceration

Question 50

aboriginal laws are more about _______ for every process in an ecosystem than about power over them

Answer 50

respect

Question 51

is the law of speaking softly, walking humbly, and acting compassionately

Answer 51

aboriginal law

Question 52

research study emerged out of recognition that the Swampy Cree Elders whole traditional knowledge garnered from

Answer 52

experience in life

Question 53

the four directions philosophy component of our being

Answer 53

mental spiritual emotional physical

Question 54

teaches us that each of the 4 realms of our being must be developed equally

Answer 54

the four directions philosophy

Question 55

elders emphasized open-mindedness, the ability to have nonjudgmental community involvement, accountability, reparation, reconciliation, and restoration

Answer 55

mental realm

Question 56

based on getting to the bottom of the problem (why is a person like this, why do they do this?)

Answer 56

mental realm

Question 57

a form of deterrence so that community members conduct themselves in ways that are acceptable by the community

Answer 57

ostracism

Question 58

according to Swampy Cree elders, _________ is a way of healing, rather than a form of punishment

Answer 58

banishment

Question 59

the need for offenders to take responsibility for their actions

Answer 59

physical realm

Question 60

in the physical realm, the offenders have to seek their own

Answer 60

solutions

Question 61

in the physical realm, healing and justice has to emerge from the ______, no one can ________ someone to heal

Answer 61

wrongdoer | force