Chapter 11: Crime, Deviance, the Law and Institutional Racism Flashcards
Canadian notions of crime and law are informed by
Eurocentric principles
when indigenous ppl practice their inherent traits to _____ and _____, they can be criminalized under Canadian law
fish and hunt
action or behaviours that violate the social norms or an institutional code of conduct
deviance
racism that is inherent in the practices of social and political institutions
institutional racism
institutional racism is reflected in the __________ of indigenous ppl and a __________ in the criminal justice system
- high incarceration rate
- lack of indigenous employees
institutional racism is hard to eliminate bcuz there is ________
no particular perpetrator
racism maintains the existing _______ in society
power relations
functions to exploit the indigenous world
settler colonization
where ppl go to land that is new to them, taking land and settling while violently displacing original inhabitants
settler colonization
the difference between racial prejudice and institutional racism is
power
prejudice or discrimination based on an individual’s race or ethnicity
racial prejudice
institutional racism is most fundamentally about
power relations
is required turn prejudice into institutional racism
a power base
Indigenous ppl and minorities have ability to be prejudiced but they lack a ______ to turn it into institutional racism
power base
sociologists view _______ as the result of dominant group of views on others
prejudiced attitudes
socially excludes indigenous communities from participating as equals in a western society
institutional racism
the concepts of crime, deviance, and the law that have been used to dominate the colonized are now accepted by many as
colonial tools
strategies, techniques and or discourses used by the colonizers to marginalize indigenous communities
colonial tools
something to is regarded and punished as a crime within a justice system operated by the state
state-sanctioned crime
banned potlach ceremonies, the rain dance and Sundance ceremonies
the Indian Act
colonists saw sharing of wealth and food at potlaches as
wasteful
making indigenous celebrations criminal helped in
assimilation efforts
Indigenous ppl are most likely to be ________ for the same crimes and less likely to be ________
incarcerated
granted parole
can be traced to residential schools effects, poverty, addictions, racialized policing and systemic discrimination
overincarceration
required first nations ppl to obtain a permit to sell goods
permit system
required first nations ppl to obtain a pass from the Indian Agent in order to leave reserves
pass system
contributed to widespread mistrust between police and indigenous
pass and permit systems
some say that the over representation in the criminal justice system is directly linked to the
residential schools
altered the way indigenous ppl saw themselves and the world
residential schools
a model that holds an individual accountable for their criminal and deviant actions, considers them harmful to society, and enforces criminal sanctions to remove them from society
western justice
defines racialization as a procedure
Linden
a process where categories of the population are constructed, differentiated, inferiorized and excluded
racialization
is much different than a western colonial interpretation of indigenous ppl’s social, political, and cultural ways of life
indigenous deviance
is the process which led to the discrimination rise of indigenous people’s incarceration, the underdevelopment of indigenous communities and under representation of indigenous employees in criminal justice systems, schools, and universities
colonialism
is considered a crime in western world but not in the indigenous world
land defense
indigenous ppl have been systemically _______ from their traditional laws and justice systems
alienated
the concept of indigenous deviance is defined by the
western colonizer
can be considered an area of social construction designed to justify colonial dominance and rupture of lives of the indigenous ppl
indigenous deviance
helped promote western perceptions of indigenous ppl as deviant
underdevelopment of indigenous communities
an array of social constructions designed to justify colonial dominance and ruptured lives of indigenous ppls
indigenous deviance
indigenous ppl have no __________ cuz it was suppressed for so long thru colonization
traditional justice system
including the victim, offender and community in a justice process that focused on healing and repairing harm
healing circles
indigenous ways of justice were suppressed by colonization bcuz they emphasized __________ rather than __________
- community-based healing
- punishment
this type of justice system provides culturally appropriate methods to deal with crime
healing circles`
one way the courts seek to include indigenous communities in the justice process is thru
sentencing circles
it was illegal for first nations ppl to go court to sue the gov of Canada without previous permission from the
government
what type of ideology does western justice have
punitive ideology
western justice systems are based on
punishment
in western justice systems, _______ is relied upon as a response to crime
incarceration
aboriginal laws are more about _______ for every process in an ecosystem than about power over them
respect
is the law of speaking softly, walking humbly, and acting compassionately
aboriginal law
research study emerged out of recognition that the Swampy Cree Elders whole traditional knowledge garnered from
experience in life
the four directions philosophy component of our being
mental
spiritual
emotional
physical
teaches us that each of the 4 realms of our being must be developed equally
the four directions philosophy
elders emphasized open-mindedness, the ability to have nonjudgmental community involvement, accountability, reparation, reconciliation, and restoration
mental realm
based on getting to the bottom of the problem (why is a person like this, why do they do this?)
mental realm
a form of deterrence so that community members conduct themselves in ways that are acceptable by the community
ostracism
according to Swampy Cree elders, _________ is a way of healing, rather than a form of punishment
banishment
the need for offenders to take responsibility for their actions
physical realm
in the physical realm, the offenders have to seek their own
solutions
in the physical realm, healing and justice has to emerge from the ______, no one can ________ someone to heal
wrongdoer
force
