Chapter 3: Putting ideas into Practice: Methods, Methodologies, and Ethics

Question 1

sociologists research toolkit can include _________ for doing research or __________

Answer 1

hard/tangible skills

soft/intangible skills

Question 2

is diverse in its methods of collecting, organizing, and making sense of info

Answer 2

sociology

Question 3

systematic techniques for collecting and making sense of info about the social world

Answer 3

methods

Question 4

are broader lenses and research strategies that provide rationale for how data collection and analysis should be done

Answer 4

methodologies

Question 5

involves theoretical justification for which methods might be appropriate for a given research

Answer 5

methodologies

Question 6

clear and focused questions that a research project intends to answer

Answer 6

research questions

Question 7

research questions can only be answered by collecting and interpreting

Answer 7

empirical evidence

Question 8

tensions or oppositions between 2 differing views or approaches

Answer 8

dialects

Question 9

sociology has ______, that represent diverging ways of doing research

Answer 9

dialects

Question 10

sole aim is to generate new knowledge and often plays role in creating and testing theory

Answer 10

pure research

Question 11

is not done with a practical application in mind, but results can be applied later

Answer 11

pure research

Question 12

intended to address social issues or problems

Answer 12

applied research

Question 13

if similarity between the description of ______ and the discussion of ________, you are on to something

Answer 13

applied research

policy sociology

Question 14

moving from observation to theory

Answer 14

inductive research

Question 15

takes an inductive approach by building theories thru the collection and analysis of data

Answer 15

ground theory

Question 16

moving from theory to observation

Answer 16

deductive research

Question 17

when in-depth info is collected from each unit in the sample, ____ can happen from a small number of units

Answer 17

saturation

Question 18

the point where increasing sample size doesn’t yield any new info (in qualitative research)

Answer 18

saturation

Question 19

intuition, memory, faith, reason, common sense, and our culture/social norms are examples of

Answer 19

ways of knowing

Question 20

starts with a hypothesis, then experiement

Answer 20

scientific method

Question 21

must be falsifiable

Answer 21

hypothesis

Question 22

sociological methods allow us to find ______ that contribute to patterns, but rarely enable us to find ______

Answer 22

influences

causes

Question 23

if little is known about a topic, the research is

Answer 23

exploratory

Question 24

often inductive, pure research

Answer 24

exploratory research

Question 25

involves looking with am open mind at data to see what's there and if any patterns can be found

Answer 25

exploratory research

Question 26

when research is aimed to offer detail about an aspect of social life, but NOT a cause

Answer 26

descriptive research

Question 27

focuses on offering detailed and precise depictions of data

Answer 27

descriptive research

Question 28

research that looks at causes

Answer 28

explanatory research

Question 29

we make research precise by specifying ______ and then _______ them

Answer 29

variables | operationalizing

Question 30

process of defining a variable so that it is measurable

Answer 30

operationalization

Question 31

since social life is complex, sociologists tend to develop simplified

Answer 31

concepts

Question 32

a set of theories, methods, concepts, and ways of thinking that are founded on indigenous ways of knowing

Answer 32

Indigenous knowledge (IK) paradigms

Question 33

IK states that empirical facts or objects are not as important as

Answer 33

ppls relationships with them

Question 34

western approaches cant be simply combined with IK, they have to seek

Answer 34

intersections

Question 35

both call for a commitment to social justice

Answer 35

IK and critical sociology

Question 36

IK stresses that researchers don't own _______ and that it has a ______

Answer 36

knowledge | spirit

Question 37

focuses on local knowledge, story, and emotional and spiritual dimensions of social experience

Answer 37

Indigenous approaches

Question 38

research can be thought as

Answer 38

ceremony

Question 39

within IK paradigms, not only are the spiritual dimensions of social experience valid part of research, but research itself is

Answer 39

ceremony

Question 40

welcoming IK in sociological research offers chance for

Answer 40

reconciliation and decolonization

Question 41

qualitative research can be (3)

Answer 41

exploratory descriptive explanatory

Question 42

qualitative research always seeks to understand social phenomenon in

Answer 42

depth (thick description)

Question 43

an approach to qualitative research that situates social behaviour within a detailed explanation of its social context

Answer 43

thick description

Question 44

approach where the researcher strives to understand social life from the standpoint of the research subject

Answer 44

Verstehen

Question 45

ability to put oneself in shoes of others to promote empathy

Answer 45

Verstehen

Question 46

might involve studying pre-existing artifacts (social media posts, magazines, etc)

Answer 46

Qualitative research

Question 47

4 common qualitative methods

Answer 47

1. interviews 2. focus groups 3. ethnography and participant observation 4. content analysis

Question 48

method of studying social life by analyzing existing textual or visual material

Answer 48

content analysis

Question 49

researcher's job is to facilitate the sharing and interpretation of data in story form to acknowledge it as worthy data

Answer 49

story catcher

Question 50

valuing the emotional and spiritual aspects of stories and letting participants tell their own stoires

Answer 50

story catcher

Question 51

indigenous method of collecting qualitative data including the relatively unstructured exploration of ideas in small groups

Answer 51

talking circle

Question 52

qualitative data collecting method that involves sharing stories to explore ideas

Answer 52

talking circle

Question 53

involved disrespectful relationships that don't acknowledge their ownership of their knowledge

Answer 53

break-and-enter methods

Question 54

there has been mistrust between indigenous ppl and researchers because of a

Answer 54

top-down approach

Question 55

in most African cultures, the foremost type of education was

Answer 55

informal

Question 56

where children learn from their parents and elders in the community

Answer 56

informal education

Question 57

informal learning is mainly by (2)

Answer 57

observation | oral narratives

Question 58

it gathers info within a local context and standardizes it

Answer 58

quantitative research

Question 59

enable a broad look at social relations on a more macro scale

Answer 59

quantitative research

Question 60

quantitative research tends strongly towards __________, guided by hypotheses

Answer 60

deductive approaches

Question 61

4 quantitative methods include

Answer 61

1. controlled experiments 2. surveys 3. analysis of existing research 4. content analysis (coding?)

Question 62

studies with more than 1 type of data analysis method, or studies with data from more than 1 source

Answer 62

mixed methods

Question 63

often strengthens research by offering a fuller picture of a social issue

Answer 63

mixed method approach

Question 64

combining quantitative survey data and qualitative interview data is an example of

Answer 64

mixed methods approach

Question 65

technique where researchers can gain great confidence in accuracy of results by using different methods to answer research questions

Answer 65

triangulation

Question 66

these 2 things are a key aspect of research ethics

Answer 66

informed consent | voluntary participation

Question 67

a set of standards for research with First Nations

Answer 67

OCAP

Question 68

what does OCAP stand for

Answer 68

Ownership Control Access Possession

Question 69

Who is the Father of Functionalism

Answer 69

Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown

Question 70

Alfred Reginald R-B's theory had its classic formulation and application in the

Answer 70

Social Organization of Australian Tribes

Question 71

involves collaboration between participants and researchers across all stages of the research process

Answer 71

Participatory action research (PAR)

Question 72

PAR can be done with both

Answer 72

qualitative and quantitative methods

Question 73

can cost more time and money, but often pay off in improved community empowerment and well-being

Answer 73

Participant action research (PAR)