Chapter 10: Health, Illness, and Disability in Canada

Question 1

complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely negatively as absence of disease of infirmity

Answer 1

health

Question 2

measuring physical health tends to follow a

Answer 2

biomedical model

Question 3

is often invisible and hard to identify, involving one’s state of mind

Answer 3

mental health

Question 4

some advocate for refocusing health around

Answer 4

resilience

Question 5

individuals and societies ability to adapt to circumstances despite adversity

Answer 5

resilience

Question 6

can a persons likelihood of being healthy or ill be simply explained by lifestyle choices, luck, or biology

Answer 6

no, there are also external social factor that contribute to our health

Question 7

refers to the physiological state of one’s body

Answer 7

physical health

Question 8

is the absence of clear physical markers or medically identifiable diseases that determine one’s ____

Answer 8

physical health

Question 9

where the biological characteristics of an individual are examined and diagnosed by a medical professional

Answer 9

biomedical model

Question 10

biomedical and standardized approaches (drawing blood sample) are

Answer 10

objective measure of health

Question 11

are rooted in a biomedical approach to health and illness

Answer 11

objective measure of health

Question 12

are based on personal experience and opinions of individuals

Answer 12

subjective measures of health

Question 13

allows for a more nuanced understanding but can make identifying patterns and comparisons hard

Answer 13

subjective measures of health

Question 14

study distribution and determinants of health and diseases in a population to better control or prevent illness

Answer 14

epidemiologists

Question 15

epidemiologists are interested in measures of health like (2)

Answer 15

morbidity

life expectancy

Question 16

ppl’s ________ are more complex than physical symptoms and diagnoses

Answer 16

life experiences

Question 17

notions of _______ are socially constructed

Answer 17

social well-being

Question 18

the 4 social determinants of health that contribute to both positive and negative health outcomes

Answer 18

social
political
cultural
economic

Question 19

Bruce Link and Jo Phalen argued that some ________ might be the distal causes of disease

Answer 19

social conditions

Question 20

root cause of a particular illness or disease

Answer 20

distal causes

Question 21

individual-level risk factors that can be more closely linked to health and illness, but are not the true source of the ailment

Answer 21

proximal causes

Question 22

argued that to effectively change health outcomes, we must address the source of why some individuals are at a heightened risk of certain diseases

Answer 22

Link and Phalen

Question 23

5 socio-demographic factors known to influence health/illness

Answer 23

gender
race/ethnicity 
socioeconomic status
age
social location

Question 24

allows for a more complex and nuanced understanding of ways social determinants of health contribute to our experiences of health and illness and risk

Answer 24

intersectionality framework

Question 25

has had a negative impact on indigenous ppl's health

Answer 25

colonization

Question 26

is an area of intersectional health research that examines the impact of exposure to social inequalities overtime, during different developmental stages and for specific cohorts

Answer 26

life course research

Question 27

experiences in conditions that may predispose ppl to either positive or negative health outcomes later in life

Answer 27

latent effects

Question 28

low birth weight is an example of

Answer 28

latent effects

Question 29

not directly related to health outcomes but instead the result of earlier experiences that may lead to other health compromising behaviours

Answer 29

pathway effects

Question 30

association with risk-taking peers during adolescence (smoking, drugs) is an example of

Answer 30

pathway effects

Question 31

involve experiencing multiple or prolonged disadvantages overtime that impact health later in life

Answer 31

cumulative effects

Question 32

life course research has shown that _______ in early childhood has long-term consequences for adult health outcomes

Answer 32

socioeconomic status

Question 33

a social category that contributes to exclusion of and prejudice against ppl with bodily or cognitive variations

Answer 33

disability

Question 34

draws on the lived experiences of marginalized ppl with impairments

Answer 34

critical disability studies

Question 35

use a intersectional and transdisciplinary lens and promote greater inclusivity in society

Answer 35

critical disability studies

Question 36

this type of approach to understanding disability allows us to see how ppls lives are neither static nor permanent states of existence

Answer 36

life course approach

Question 37

someone who is born with an impairment is likely to experience aging with disability differently than someone who becomes impaired as an adult or someone who becomes disabled as a result of aging is an example of

Answer 37

life course approach

Question 38

questions existing socially created definitions of disability, impairment, and normality

Answer 38

cultural approach

Question 39

these studies disprove the notion that experts have knowledge, power, and authority to define what constitutes a disability and what doesn't

Answer 39

critical disability studies

Question 40

these ppl are the real experts on defining what is a disability or not

Answer 40

ppl with lived experiences

Question 41

behaviours that were once labeled deviant, immoral or crazy have now been

Answer 41

medicalized

Question 42

when previously non-medical problems become defined and treated as medical problems (usually as an illness or disorder)

Answer 42

medicalization

Question 43

what are 2 consequences of medicalization

Answer 43

1. more illnesses = more profit for pharm companies ( | 2. more treatments without regard for individual and social well being

Question 44

more illnesses = more profit for pharm companies is called

Answer 44

disease mongoring

Question 45

substance users are wholly responsible for their sinful behaviour and are worthy of stigmatization for failing to make responsible decisions

Answer 45

moral model of additction

Question 46

frames addiction and individual users as patients in need of proper treatment

Answer 46

medical model of addiction

Question 47

this emerged bcuz of increasing power of physicians and economic and political incentives

Answer 47

medical model

Question 48

addiction as a disease is

Answer 48

socially constructed

Question 49

is the leading cause of death among ppl ages 15-24

Answer 49

suicide

Question 50

suicide is often thought as an individual, it is intimately connected with the

Answer 50

social

Question 51

are key to understanding mental health (contrary to adult opinion)

Answer 51

social relationships

Question 52

where spreading news about suicide formally thru media or informally thru word-of-mouth may increase the risk of others considering or attempting suicide

Answer 52

suicide contagion

Question 53

low integration in society, ties to group are weakened or broken

Answer 53

egoistic suicide

Question 54

what are Durkeim's 4 types of suicide

Answer 54

- egoistic suicide - anomic suicide - altruistic suicide - fatalistic suicide

Question 55

lack of social regulation, normlessness due to rapid change or instability in society (ex: sudden financial loss)

Answer 55

anomic suicide

Question 56

over-integration, social bonds are too strong, society is valued more than the individual (ex: suicide bombers, kamikaze pilots)

Answer 56

altruistic suicide

Question 57

individual is overregulated by society, oppression leads to feeling powerless before fate

Answer 57

fatalistic suicide

Question 58

complex system where provinces and territories are responsible for their own healthcare systems

Answer 58

Canadian health care system

Question 59

this type of funding is provided to provinces and territories

Answer 59

federal funding

Question 60

Indigenous ppl on reserves are ______ funded, while off reserve are ______ funded

Answer 60

federally | provincially

Question 61

Canada only publicly funds services that are deemed

Answer 61

medically necessary

Question 62

hospitals, physicians and nurse practitioners

Answer 62

publicly funded services

Question 63

dental, vision, complementary services

Answer 63

privately funded services

Question 64

prescriptions, homecare, mental health

Answer 64

mixed services

Question 65

refers to the enviro and relationships surrounding an individual

Answer 65

social well-being