Chapter 10: Health, Illness, and Disability in Canada Flashcards
complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely negatively as absence of disease of infirmity
health
measuring physical health tends to follow a
biomedical model
is often invisible and hard to identify, involving one’s state of mind
mental health
some advocate for refocusing health around
resilience
individuals and societies ability to adapt to circumstances despite adversity
resilience
can a persons likelihood of being healthy or ill be simply explained by lifestyle choices, luck, or biology
no, there are also external social factor that contribute to our health
refers to the physiological state of one’s body
physical health
is the absence of clear physical markers or medically identifiable diseases that determine one’s ____
physical health
where the biological characteristics of an individual are examined and diagnosed by a medical professional
biomedical model
biomedical and standardized approaches (drawing blood sample) are
objective measure of health
are rooted in a biomedical approach to health and illness
objective measure of health
are based on personal experience and opinions of individuals
subjective measures of health
allows for a more nuanced understanding but can make identifying patterns and comparisons hard
subjective measures of health
study distribution and determinants of health and diseases in a population to better control or prevent illness
epidemiologists
epidemiologists are interested in measures of health like (2)
morbidity
life expectancy
ppl’s ________ are more complex than physical symptoms and diagnoses
life experiences
notions of _______ are socially constructed
social well-being
the 4 social determinants of health that contribute to both positive and negative health outcomes
social
political
cultural
economic
Bruce Link and Jo Phalen argued that some ________ might be the distal causes of disease
social conditions
root cause of a particular illness or disease
distal causes
individual-level risk factors that can be more closely linked to health and illness, but are not the true source of the ailment
proximal causes
argued that to effectively change health outcomes, we must address the source of why some individuals are at a heightened risk of certain diseases
Link and Phalen
5 socio-demographic factors known to influence health/illness
gender race/ethnicity socioeconomic status age social location
allows for a more complex and nuanced understanding of ways social determinants of health contribute to our experiences of health and illness and risk
intersectionality framework
has had a negative impact on indigenous ppl’s health
colonization
is an area of intersectional health research that examines the impact of exposure to social inequalities overtime, during different developmental stages and for specific cohorts
life course research
experiences in conditions that may predispose ppl to either positive or negative health outcomes later in life
latent effects
low birth weight is an example of
latent effects
not directly related to health outcomes but instead the result of earlier experiences that may lead to other health compromising behaviours
pathway effects
association with risk-taking peers during adolescence (smoking, drugs) is an example of
pathway effects
involve experiencing multiple or prolonged disadvantages overtime that impact health later in life
cumulative effects
life course research has shown that _______ in early childhood has long-term consequences for adult health outcomes
socioeconomic status
a social category that contributes to exclusion of and prejudice against ppl with bodily or cognitive variations
disability
draws on the lived experiences of marginalized ppl with impairments
critical disability studies
use a intersectional and transdisciplinary lens and promote greater inclusivity in society
critical disability studies
this type of approach to understanding disability allows us to see how ppls lives are neither static nor permanent states of existence
life course approach
someone who is born with an impairment is likely to experience aging with disability differently than someone who becomes impaired as an adult or someone who becomes disabled as a result of aging is an example of
life course approach
questions existing socially created definitions of disability, impairment, and normality
cultural approach
these studies disprove the notion that experts have knowledge, power, and authority to define what constitutes a disability and what doesn’t
critical disability studies
these ppl are the real experts on defining what is a disability or not
ppl with lived experiences
behaviours that were once labeled deviant, immoral or crazy have now been
medicalized
when previously non-medical problems become defined and treated as medical problems (usually as an illness or disorder)
medicalization
what are 2 consequences of medicalization
- more illnesses = more profit for pharm companies (
2. more treatments without regard for individual and social well being
more illnesses = more profit for pharm companies is called
disease mongoring
substance users are wholly responsible for their sinful behaviour and are worthy of stigmatization for failing to make responsible decisions
moral model of additction
frames addiction and individual users as patients in need of proper treatment
medical model of addiction
this emerged bcuz of increasing power of physicians and economic and political incentives
medical model
addiction as a disease is
socially constructed
is the leading cause of death among ppl ages 15-24
suicide
suicide is often thought as an individual, it is intimately connected with the
social
are key to understanding mental health (contrary to adult opinion)
social relationships
where spreading news about suicide formally thru media or informally thru word-of-mouth may increase the risk of others considering or attempting suicide
suicide contagion
low integration in society, ties to group are weakened or broken
egoistic suicide
what are Durkeim’s 4 types of suicide
- egoistic suicide
- anomic suicide
- altruistic suicide
- fatalistic suicide
lack of social regulation, normlessness due to rapid change or instability in society (ex: sudden financial loss)
anomic suicide
over-integration, social bonds are too strong, society is valued more than the individual
(ex: suicide bombers, kamikaze pilots)
altruistic suicide
individual is overregulated by society, oppression leads to feeling powerless before fate
fatalistic suicide
complex system where provinces and territories are responsible for their own healthcare systems
Canadian health care system
this type of funding is provided to provinces and territories
federal funding
Indigenous ppl on reserves are ______ funded, while off reserve are ______ funded
federally
provincially
Canada only publicly funds services that are deemed
medically necessary
hospitals, physicians and nurse practitioners
publicly funded services
dental, vision, complementary services
privately funded services
prescriptions, homecare, mental health
mixed services
refers to the enviro and relationships surrounding an individual
social well-being
