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Soc 111 > Chapter 4: Culture > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Culture Flashcards

1
Q

the social enviro within which we are raised and socialized during our lifetime

A

culture

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2
Q

culture includes (5)

A

objects, ideas, customs, behaviours, and practices

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3
Q

meaning white settlers from Britain and France involved in early colonization of Canada

A

Old stock Canadians

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4
Q

are often seen as not belonging to the nation

A

racialized Canadians

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5
Q

Canadian nation-state relies on _______ to promote Canada as a white nation by reinforcing certain forms of unbelonging

A

racist codes

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6
Q

prejudiced ideas or images about race that are embedded into everyday aspects of culture

A

racist codes

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7
Q

racist codes create a sense of

A

us vs. them (old stock Canadians vs. others like immigrants, Indigenous, non-white ppl)

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8
Q

culture refers to a set of _____ and _____ that shape how we live our lives

A

values

practices

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9
Q

ideas and judgments about what is important and meaningful

A

values

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10
Q

concrete things that we do that often reflect our values

A

practices

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11
Q

sociologists often view culture as a toolkit of (3)

A

habits, skills, styles

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12
Q

stereotypical images that are designed to make racism, sexism, poverty, and other social differences appear to be a “natural” and “normal” part of everyday life

A

controlling image

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13
Q

the ______ and _____ we attribute to culture are learned and can be unlearned

A

meanings

values

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14
Q

where we live, who were raised by, and the ways in which we experience the interconnections between _____ and _____ through our ________ informs how we understand the social world around us

A

public issues
private problems
social location

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15
Q

where we are in the social hierarchy of society

A

social location

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16
Q

all physical items that ppl have created social meaning in a given culture

A

material culture

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17
Q

food, art, tools, clothing, buildings are examples of

A

material culture

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18
Q

ideas and behaviour associated with a given culture

A

non-material culture

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19
Q

values, beliefs, language, knowledge, symbols are examples of

A

non-material culture

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20
Q

wrote about both material and non-material culture

A

Durkheim

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21
Q

Durkeim wrote about non-material as _______ and material manifestations of __________

A
  • religion

- religion in totems

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22
Q

common when travelling between cultures

A

culture shock

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23
Q

a sense of confusion and disorientation when someone experiences a new culture for the first time

A

culture shock

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24
Q

refers to plants or animals which are revered as sacred

A

totems

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25
Q

can be an animal, plant, or any other natural object believed to be ancestrally related to a tribe, clan, or family group as a tutelary spirit

A

totem

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26
Q

example of a totem in the Upper East region is the

A

crocodile of Paga

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27
Q

calls to recognize Indigenous language rights

A

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action

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28
Q

The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action highlights importance of _______ in maintenance and preservation of _________ and _________

A

language
culture
cultural identity

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29
Q

is a system of cultural representations where words are connected with images

A

language

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30
Q

research shows a strong connection between these 4 thinsg

A

language
culture
physical health
mental health

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31
Q

theory that analyzes the process by which the objective facts of social life acquire their objectivity

A

social constructionism

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32
Q

social constructionism says that meaning is

A

socially determined

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33
Q

“meaning” is not static but a

A

dynamic process

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34
Q

pink and blues being associated with femininity and masculinity is an example of

A

social constructionsm

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35
Q

is the most important tool for which reality is created

A

language

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36
Q

the 3 key moments in the social construction reality

A

externalization
objectivation
internalization

37
Q

refers to the subjectivity process by which human beings actively create the world around them

A

externalization

38
Q

the idea that society is a human product

A

externalization

39
Q

the process by which the human-created world takes on an objective character

A

objectivation

40
Q

the idea that society is an objective reality

A

objectivation

41
Q

the process where the human-created world, which now has an objective character, acts back, limits, and constraints humans

A

internalization

42
Q

the idea that ppl are social products

A

internalization

43
Q

gender is socially determined through ________

A

socialization

44
Q

we learn the meanings to attach to gender based on our interactions with the 4 major agents of socialization

A

families, peers, schools, and media

45
Q

gender is _________

A

socially constructed

46
Q

colours in Ghana
funerals:
baby naming ceremony:

A

F: black and red
B: white

47
Q

societal expectations for how we are supposed to think, act, look

A

norms

48
Q

rules and guidelines regarding what kinds of thoughts, behaviours, and forms of self-presentation are acceptable within a given culture

A

norms

49
Q

norms develop from a culture’s

A

value system

50
Q

informal rules or norms based on accepted traditions

A

folkways

51
Q

waiting in line, or raising your hand to speak are examples of a

A

folkway

52
Q

failure to follow folkways may result in

A

informal sanctions

53
Q

norms that carry significance and are often codified into laws

A

mores

54
Q

are considered moral and ethical behaviour; they structure the difference between right and wrong

A

mores

55
Q

religious doctrines are an example of _____ that govern social behaviour

A

mores

56
Q

incest and cannibalism are considered

A

taboos

57
Q

folkways, mores, and taboos are NOT

A

universal

58
Q

folkways, mores, and taboos are based on (3) context, and are socially constructed and can change over time

A

social, cultural, historical

59
Q

when you use your own culture as the standard by which to evaluate other cultures

A

ethnocentrism

60
Q

the principle of understanding cultures on their own

A

cultural relativism

61
Q

cultural relativism reflects Weber’s concept of

A

Verstehen (understanding)

62
Q

putting yourself in the shoes of other ppl to see the world from their perspective

A

Vertsehen

63
Q

prejudices and discrimination based on eurocentrism can arise in Canada due to a lack of

A

contact between different groups of ppl

64
Q

the physical items, beliefs, ideas, practices shared by the social elite or ppl with higher wealth and education

A

elite or “high” culture

65
Q

status symbols, designer clothes, luxury cars, understanding classical music, eating at 5 star restaurants are examples of

A

elite or high culture

66
Q

refers to the physical items, beliefs, ideas and practices shared by the mass and are mass-produced

A

mass culture

67
Q

cultures within a culture that have their own norms, values, beliefs, and practices that are often different from those of elite or mass culture

A

subcultures

68
Q

the process by which cultural goods are consumed

A

cultural consumption

69
Q

this reveals a great deal about your social class and location

A

cultural consumption

70
Q

adult male and women who are fans of My Little Pony

A

Bronies and Pegasisters

71
Q

cultures within a culture that aim to challenge existing norms, values, beliefs of elite and mass culture

A

countercultures

72
Q

feminist movement, civil rights movement, gay liberation and BLM are examples of

A

countercultures

73
Q

social class is passed from one generation to the next, thus reinforcing inequality

A

social reproduction

74
Q

passing down money, connections, knowledge, honour, networks, etc. to the future generation

A

social reproduction

75
Q

knowledge and proficiency in artistic and cultural styles that are valued by society

A

cultural capital

76
Q

the production of meaning through language

A

cultural representation

77
Q

they are part of the process where meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture

A

cultural representation

78
Q

cultural representation connects (3)

A

language, meaning and culture

79
Q

3 ways in which cultural representations are theorized

A

reflective
intentional
constructionist

80
Q

posits that cultural representations directly reflect reality

A

the reflective definition

81
Q

assumes that cultural representations reflect the intentions of their creators

A

the intentional definition

82
Q

in this view, words mean what the author intends they should mean

A

intentional defintion

83
Q

highlights how cultural representation not only reflects reality or authorial intent, but are involved in the social construction of reality

A

constructionist definition

84
Q

in this view, we must not confuse the material world with symbolic practices

A

the constructionist definition

85
Q

reflects and shapes our social reality

A

mass media

86
Q

religions having prohibitions on partners living together before marriage is an example of

A

mores

87
Q

most serious norm and carry great moral significance

A

taboo

88
Q

violator of this are often seen unfit to live in that society

A

taboo

89
Q

in this view, language functions to reflect the true meaning as it already exists in the world

A

reflective definition

Soc 111 (10 decks)

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