Chapter 4: Culture Flashcards
the social enviro within which we are raised and socialized during our lifetime
culture
culture includes (5)
objects, ideas, customs, behaviours, and practices
meaning white settlers from Britain and France involved in early colonization of Canada
Old stock Canadians
are often seen as not belonging to the nation
racialized Canadians
Canadian nation-state relies on _______ to promote Canada as a white nation by reinforcing certain forms of unbelonging
racist codes
prejudiced ideas or images about race that are embedded into everyday aspects of culture
racist codes
racist codes create a sense of
us vs. them (old stock Canadians vs. others like immigrants, Indigenous, non-white ppl)
culture refers to a set of _____ and _____ that shape how we live our lives
values
practices
ideas and judgments about what is important and meaningful
values
concrete things that we do that often reflect our values
practices
sociologists often view culture as a toolkit of (3)
habits, skills, styles
stereotypical images that are designed to make racism, sexism, poverty, and other social differences appear to be a “natural” and “normal” part of everyday life
controlling image
the ______ and _____ we attribute to culture are learned and can be unlearned
meanings
values
where we live, who were raised by, and the ways in which we experience the interconnections between _____ and _____ through our ________ informs how we understand the social world around us
public issues
private problems
social location
where we are in the social hierarchy of society
social location
all physical items that ppl have created social meaning in a given culture
material culture
food, art, tools, clothing, buildings are examples of
material culture
ideas and behaviour associated with a given culture
non-material culture
values, beliefs, language, knowledge, symbols are examples of
non-material culture
wrote about both material and non-material culture
Durkheim
Durkeim wrote about non-material as _______ and material manifestations of __________
- religion
- religion in totems
common when travelling between cultures
culture shock
a sense of confusion and disorientation when someone experiences a new culture for the first time
culture shock
refers to plants or animals which are revered as sacred
totems
can be an animal, plant, or any other natural object believed to be ancestrally related to a tribe, clan, or family group as a tutelary spirit
totem
example of a totem in the Upper East region is the
crocodile of Paga
calls to recognize Indigenous language rights
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action
The Truth and Reconciliation Commission’s Calls to Action highlights importance of _______ in maintenance and preservation of _________ and _________
language
culture
cultural identity
is a system of cultural representations where words are connected with images
language
research shows a strong connection between these 4 thinsg
language
culture
physical health
mental health
theory that analyzes the process by which the objective facts of social life acquire their objectivity
social constructionism
social constructionism says that meaning is
socially determined
“meaning” is not static but a
dynamic process
pink and blues being associated with femininity and masculinity is an example of
social constructionsm
is the most important tool for which reality is created
language
the 3 key moments in the social construction reality
externalization
objectivation
internalization
refers to the subjectivity process by which human beings actively create the world around them
externalization
the idea that society is a human product
externalization
the process by which the human-created world takes on an objective character
objectivation
the idea that society is an objective reality
objectivation
the process where the human-created world, which now has an objective character, acts back, limits, and constraints humans
internalization
the idea that ppl are social products
internalization
gender is socially determined through ________
socialization
we learn the meanings to attach to gender based on our interactions with the 4 major agents of socialization
families, peers, schools, and media
gender is _________
socially constructed
colours in Ghana
funerals:
baby naming ceremony:
F: black and red
B: white
societal expectations for how we are supposed to think, act, look
norms
rules and guidelines regarding what kinds of thoughts, behaviours, and forms of self-presentation are acceptable within a given culture
norms
norms develop from a culture’s
value system
informal rules or norms based on accepted traditions
folkways
waiting in line, or raising your hand to speak are examples of a
folkway
failure to follow folkways may result in
informal sanctions
norms that carry significance and are often codified into laws
mores
are considered moral and ethical behaviour; they structure the difference between right and wrong
mores
religious doctrines are an example of _____ that govern social behaviour
mores
incest and cannibalism are considered
taboos
folkways, mores, and taboos are NOT
universal
folkways, mores, and taboos are based on (3) context, and are socially constructed and can change over time
social, cultural, historical
when you use your own culture as the standard by which to evaluate other cultures
ethnocentrism
the principle of understanding cultures on their own
cultural relativism
cultural relativism reflects Weber’s concept of
Verstehen (understanding)
putting yourself in the shoes of other ppl to see the world from their perspective
Vertsehen
prejudices and discrimination based on eurocentrism can arise in Canada due to a lack of
contact between different groups of ppl
the physical items, beliefs, ideas, practices shared by the social elite or ppl with higher wealth and education
elite or “high” culture
status symbols, designer clothes, luxury cars, understanding classical music, eating at 5 star restaurants are examples of
elite or high culture
refers to the physical items, beliefs, ideas and practices shared by the mass and are mass-produced
mass culture
cultures within a culture that have their own norms, values, beliefs, and practices that are often different from those of elite or mass culture
subcultures
the process by which cultural goods are consumed
cultural consumption
this reveals a great deal about your social class and location
cultural consumption
adult male and women who are fans of My Little Pony
Bronies and Pegasisters
cultures within a culture that aim to challenge existing norms, values, beliefs of elite and mass culture
countercultures
feminist movement, civil rights movement, gay liberation and BLM are examples of
countercultures
social class is passed from one generation to the next, thus reinforcing inequality
social reproduction
passing down money, connections, knowledge, honour, networks, etc. to the future generation
social reproduction
knowledge and proficiency in artistic and cultural styles that are valued by society
cultural capital
the production of meaning through language
cultural representation
they are part of the process where meaning is produced and exchanged between members of a culture
cultural representation
cultural representation connects (3)
language, meaning and culture
3 ways in which cultural representations are theorized
reflective
intentional
constructionist
posits that cultural representations directly reflect reality
the reflective definition
assumes that cultural representations reflect the intentions of their creators
the intentional definition
in this view, words mean what the author intends they should mean
intentional defintion
highlights how cultural representation not only reflects reality or authorial intent, but are involved in the social construction of reality
constructionist definition
in this view, we must not confuse the material world with symbolic practices
the constructionist definition
reflects and shapes our social reality
mass media
religions having prohibitions on partners living together before marriage is an example of
mores
most serious norm and carry great moral significance
taboo
violator of this are often seen unfit to live in that society
taboo
in this view, language functions to reflect the true meaning as it already exists in the world
reflective definition
