Chapter 8 - Diseases of the Blood, Heart and Blood Vessels

Question 1

The function of RBCs is what?

Answer 1

Carry oxygen to cells and tissues, and CO2 out of tissues

Question 2

Function of WBCs

Answer 2

Inflammation, immunity

Question 3

Platelets or Thrombocytes

are produced where?

Answer 3

In the red bone marrow

Question 4

What is the function of Platelets ?

Answer 4

Blood Clotting

Question 5

What are Leukocytes and what do they do?

Answer 5

Increase in number of WBC in blood. May be physiological or pathological

Question 6

Abnormal reduction in number of WBC in blood?

Answer 6

Leukopenia

Question 7

The Etiology of Leukopenia?

Answer 7

Radiation
Chemical Poison
Some infections

Question 8

The definition of Anemia?

Answer 8

Decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both resulting in decreased ability to carry oxygen to the body tissues

Question 9

What is primary anemia?

Answer 9

Chronic, Hematologic disease

Question 10

What is Secondary Anemia?

Answer 10

Develops as a complication of another disease; Non hematologic

Question 11

What is happening in Increased Destruction Anemia?

Answer 11

RBCs are being destroyed

Question 12

What is happening in Decreased Production Anemia?

Answer 12

Producing less RBCs than normal

Question 13

Etiology of Increased Destruction Anemia (IDA) ?

Answer 13

Hemorrhage
Injury or Trauma
Genetic
Infections

Question 14

The Primary disease of IDA

Answer 14

Sickle Cell Anemia

Question 15

What does Sickle Cell Anemia do?

Answer 15

Genetic mutation results in hemoglobin S
Gives Tachycardia
Fatigue
Dyspnea

Question 16

Erythroblastosis Fetalis (Primary)

Answer 16

Hemolytic disease of the newborn; Mother and baby have different Rh blood types

Question 17

An overactive spleen due to mononucleosis or liver cancer

Answer 17

Hypersplenism

Question 18

The Etiology of Decreased Production Anemia

Answer 18

Radiation 
Chemical Poisons 
Infection 
Metabolic Disorder
Leukemia

Question 19

What is Aplastic Anemia?

Answer 19

Damage to bone marrow of unknown origin

Question 20

A B12 deficiency

Answer 20

Pernicious Anemia

Question 21

A deficiency of B12 and folic acid

Answer 21

Megaloblastic anemia

Megablasts = large RBC

Question 22

What are hemapoietic disorders associated with?

Answer 22

Formation of blood and blood components

Question 23

What does Leukemia mean?

Answer 23

White Blood

Cancer of WBC producing structures

Question 24

What is acute leukemia common in?

Answer 24

More common in children

Question 25

Bone marrow makes too many RBCs causing thickening of blood

Answer 25

Polycythemia Vera

Question 26

Erythrocytosis is what ?

Answer 26

Increase in RBCs | May result in Plethora

Question 27

A severe decrease in the number of platelets?

Answer 27

Thrombocytopenia

Question 28

What is Hemophilia?

Answer 28

X-linked or somatic inherited hemorrhagic disease

Question 29

What does severe hemophilia cause?

Answer 29

Hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints)

Question 30

What is Cardiac Dilatation?

Answer 30

Condition of the heart being enlarged

Question 31

How is Cardiac Dilatation caused?

Answer 31

Blockage of thoracic aorta

Question 32

Cardiac Hypertrophy does what?

Answer 32

The enlargement of the heart ventricles due to the increase in size of the myocardial cells

Question 33

Hypertensive Heart Disease?

Answer 33

Due to uncontrolled high blood pressure

Question 34

What is normal blood pressure?

Answer 34

120/80 mmHg

Question 35

Benign Hypertension is what?

Answer 35

140/90

Question 36

Malignant Hypertension?

Answer 36

160/110

Question 37

Inflammation of the membrane covering the heart

Answer 37

Pericarditis

Question 38

What is Myocarditis?

Answer 38

Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart; Usually wall of left ventricle

Question 39

Endocarditis?

Answer 39

Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart

Question 40

What is the failure of a heart valve to close completely?

Answer 40

Valvular Insufficiency

Question 41

What is Rheumatic Heart disease?

Answer 41

Condition of permanent damage to heart valves

Question 42

The Etiology of Coronary Artery Disease?

Answer 42

Atherosclerosis Thrombus Embolus Spasms

Question 43

Cardiac Failure is what?

Answer 43

Inability of the heart to supply adequate blood flow to peripheral tissues and organs

Question 44

General weakening of the heart overtime, leads to heart failure

Answer 44

Congestive Heart Failure

Question 45

What is another word for a heart attack

Answer 45

Myocardial Infarction

Question 46

A disease or disorder of the heart?

Answer 46

Cardiomyopathy

Question 47

Inflammation of the entire heart and its surrounding structures

Answer 47

Pancardidis

Question 48

Patent Ductus Arteriosus is what?

Answer 48

Aorta and Pulmonary artery are connected to each other

Question 49

Coarction of the Aorta ?

Answer 49

Constricted segment of the aorta, usually above the heart

Question 50

Arteriosclerosis definition

Answer 50

Disease of the arteries results in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

Question 51

Atherosclerosis definition

Answer 51

Deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial wall

Question 52

Aneurysm definition

Answer 52

Local dilation of the wall of blood vessel

Question 53

Types of Aneurysms?

Answer 53

Saccular Fusiform Dissecting

Question 54

Inflammation of a vein

Answer 54

Phlebitis

Question 55

Varicose Veins?

Answer 55

Enlarged, tortous blood vessels

Question 56

Prefix meaning Blood

Answer 56

Hem, Hemo

Question 57

Hematesis

Answer 57

Vomiting of blood

Question 58

Hematoma

Answer 58

Tumor like swelling of blood

Question 59

Discharge of red blood cells in urine

Answer 59

Hematuria

Question 60

Excessive and spontaneous bleeding

Answer 60

Hemophilia

Question 61

Blood in Sputum?

Answer 61

Hemoptysis

Question 62

Escape of blood in blood vascular system

Answer 62

Hemorrhage

Question 63

Inflammation of the liver

Answer 63

Hepatitis

Question 64

Protrusion of an organ from an abnormal opening

Answer 64

Hernia

Question 65

Means dissimilar

Answer 65

Hetero

Question 66

Means similar

Answer 66

Homeo

Question 67

Abnormal collection of fluid in an cavity of the body

Answer 67

Hydrocele

Question 68

Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in brain

Answer 68

Hydrocephalus

Question 69

What is Hydronephrosis?

Answer 69

Distention of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine

Question 70

Means above or excess

Answer 70

Hyper

Question 71

Means deficiency or beneath

Answer 71

Hypo