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Pathology for Mortuary Science > Chapter 8 - Diseases of the Blood, Heart and Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Chapter 8 - Diseases of the Blood, Heart and Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

The function of RBCs is what?

A

Carry oxygen to cells and tissues, and CO2 out of tissues

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2
Q

Function of WBCs

A

Inflammation, immunity

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3
Q

Platelets or Thrombocytes

are produced where?

A

In the red bone marrow

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4
Q

What is the function of Platelets ?

A

Blood Clotting

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5
Q

What are Leukocytes and what do they do?

A

Increase in number of WBC in blood. May be physiological or pathological

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6
Q

Abnormal reduction in number of WBC in blood?

A

Leukopenia

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7
Q

The Etiology of Leukopenia?

A

Radiation
Chemical Poison
Some infections

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8
Q

The definition of Anemia?

A

Decrease in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin or both resulting in decreased ability to carry oxygen to the body tissues

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9
Q

What is primary anemia?

A

Chronic, Hematologic disease

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10
Q

What is Secondary Anemia?

A

Develops as a complication of another disease; Non hematologic

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11
Q

What is happening in Increased Destruction Anemia?

A

RBCs are being destroyed

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12
Q

What is happening in Decreased Production Anemia?

A

Producing less RBCs than normal

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13
Q

Etiology of Increased Destruction Anemia (IDA) ?

A

Hemorrhage
Injury or Trauma
Genetic
Infections

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14
Q

The Primary disease of IDA

A

Sickle Cell Anemia

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15
Q

What does Sickle Cell Anemia do?

A

Genetic mutation results in hemoglobin S
Gives Tachycardia
Fatigue
Dyspnea

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16
Q

Erythroblastosis Fetalis (Primary)

A

Hemolytic disease of the newborn; Mother and baby have different Rh blood types

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17
Q

An overactive spleen due to mononucleosis or liver cancer

A

Hypersplenism

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18
Q

The Etiology of Decreased Production Anemia

A 
Radiation 
Chemical Poisons 
Infection 
Metabolic Disorder
Leukemia
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19
Q

What is Aplastic Anemia?

A

Damage to bone marrow of unknown origin

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20
Q

A B12 deficiency

A

Pernicious Anemia

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21
Q

A deficiency of B12 and folic acid

A

Megaloblastic anemia

Megablasts = large RBC

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22
Q

What are hemapoietic disorders associated with?

A

Formation of blood and blood components

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23
Q

What does Leukemia mean?

A

White Blood

Cancer of WBC producing structures

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24
Q

What is acute leukemia common in?

A

More common in children

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25
Q

Bone marrow makes too many RBCs causing thickening of blood

A

Polycythemia Vera

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26
Q

Erythrocytosis is what ?

A

Increase in RBCs

May result in Plethora

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27
Q

A severe decrease in the number of platelets?

A

Thrombocytopenia

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28
Q

What is Hemophilia?

A

X-linked or somatic inherited hemorrhagic disease

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29
Q

What does severe hemophilia cause?

A

Hemarthrosis (bleeding into joints)

30
Q

What is Cardiac Dilatation?

A

Condition of the heart being enlarged

31
Q

How is Cardiac Dilatation caused?

A

Blockage of thoracic aorta

32
Q

Cardiac Hypertrophy does what?

A

The enlargement of the heart ventricles due to the increase in size of the myocardial cells

33
Q

Hypertensive Heart Disease?

A

Due to uncontrolled high blood pressure

34
Q

What is normal blood pressure?

A

120/80 mmHg

35
Q

Benign Hypertension is what?

36
Q

Malignant Hypertension?

37
Q

Inflammation of the membrane covering the heart

A

Pericarditis

38
Q

What is Myocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the muscular walls of the heart; Usually wall of left ventricle

39
Q

Endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the lining membrane of the heart

40
Q

What is the failure of a heart valve to close completely?

A

Valvular Insufficiency

41
Q

What is Rheumatic Heart disease?

A

Condition of permanent damage to heart valves

42
Q

The Etiology of Coronary Artery Disease?

A

Atherosclerosis
Thrombus
Embolus
Spasms

43
Q

Cardiac Failure is what?

A

Inability of the heart to supply adequate blood flow to peripheral tissues and organs

44
Q

General weakening of the heart overtime, leads to heart failure

A

Congestive Heart Failure

45
Q

What is another word for a heart attack

A

Myocardial Infarction

46
Q

A disease or disorder of the heart?

A

Cardiomyopathy

47
Q

Inflammation of the entire heart and its surrounding structures

A

Pancardidis

48
Q

Patent Ductus Arteriosus is what?

A

Aorta and Pulmonary artery are connected to each other

49
Q

Coarction of the Aorta ?

A

Constricted segment of the aorta, usually above the heart

50
Q

Arteriosclerosis definition

A

Disease of the arteries results in thickening and loss of elasticity of the arterial walls

51
Q

Atherosclerosis definition

A

Deposition of lipids in the inner layer of arterial wall

52
Q

Aneurysm definition

A

Local dilation of the wall of blood vessel

53
Q

Types of Aneurysms?

A

Saccular
Fusiform
Dissecting

54
Q

Inflammation of a vein

55
Q

Varicose Veins?

A

Enlarged, tortous blood vessels

56
Q

Prefix meaning Blood

57
Q

Hematesis

A

Vomiting of blood

58
Q

Hematoma

A

Tumor like swelling of blood

59
Q

Discharge of red blood cells in urine

60
Q

Excessive and spontaneous bleeding

A

Hemophilia

61
Q

Blood in Sputum?

A

Hemoptysis

62
Q

Escape of blood in blood vascular system

A

Hemorrhage

63
Q

Inflammation of the liver

64
Q

Protrusion of an organ from an abnormal opening

65
Q

Means dissimilar

66
Q

Means similar

67
Q

Abnormal collection of fluid in an cavity of the body

68
Q

Accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in brain

A

Hydrocephalus

69
Q

What is Hydronephrosis?

A

Distention of the pelvis and calyces of one or both kidneys with urine

70
Q

Means above or excess

71
Q

Means deficiency or beneath

Pathology for Mortuary Science (18 decks)

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