Chapter 12 - Diseases of the Nervous System Flashcards
What do the ventricles in the brain produce?
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Where does the CSF circulation start from?
From the two lateral ventricles through intraventricular foramina
Where does the third ventricle go through?
Cerebral aqueduct into the 4th ventricle
Where does the 4th Ventricle go through?
Through the lateral and medial apertures
The loss of cerebral control following injury; An immediate and temporary disturbance of brain functions
Concussion
A crushing compression of the brain that leads to hemorrhaging and swelling
Contusion
A cutting wound that penetrates the skull; Results in bleeding
Laceration
A hemorrhage that is due to a fracture or trauma to the head; Blood starts to pool. If unrelieved could die in days or weeks
Extradural Hemorrhage
Three Types of Intracranial Hemorrhages?
Extradural, Subdural and Subarachnoid
More severe fracture or injury in the intracranial hemorrhage; Death within a few days
Subdural hemorrhage
Most severe intracranial; Rapid bleeding in the brain; Death within hours
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Inflammation of the membranes of the brain or spinal cord
Meningitis
Life threatening form of meningitis that could cause epidemic meningitis
Bacterial Meningitis
Most common form of meningitis for people with impaired immune systems
Fungal Meningitis
The causes of Meningitis?
Viruses
Fungi
Protozoans
Cancers
The main symptom of Meningitis?
Stiff neck
Temporary lack of circulation to a part of the brain; Could cause ischemia?
Transient Ischemic Attack
What is the main side effect of Transient Ischemic Attacks?
Mini Strokes
An apoplexy/ Stroke; The Sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen caused by a blockage or rupture of an artery in the brain
Cerebrovascular Accident
What does the Cerebrovascular Accident all depend on?
The size of the hemorrhage
What is the most common symptom of a Cerebrovascular Accident?
Weakness or paralysis of one side of the body with partial or complete loss of voluntary movement
Inflammation of the brain
Encephalitis
The symptoms of Encephalitis?
Swelling of the brain
Fever
Headache
Acute inflammation of the brain and spinal cord
Encephalomyelitis
Late stages of syphilis often affect the brain and spinal cord
Neurosyphilis
The damage to the brain in neurosyphilis is what?
General Paresis
What is the damage to the spinal cord in neurosyphilis?
Tabes Dorsalis
Inflmmation of a nerve or nerves
Neuritis
The three main symptoms of Neuritis?
Hyperesthesia
Paresthia
Dysesthesia
Mass of immune cells, pus, and other material draining into deeper brain tissue
Cerebral Abscess
What is the result of a Cerebral Abscess?
Necrosis of healthy brain tissue; Encephalomalacia
Inflammation of the spinal cord
PolioMyelitis
Acute viral infection of the central nervous system of warm blooded animals
Rabies
The biggest result of Rabies?
Hydrophobia
Bacterial disease that effects the nervous system
Tetanus
What are the toxins in tetanus attached to?
Motor Neurons
Chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and convulsions
Epilepsy
A small seizure where you lose consciousness for only a few seconds
Petit mal Seizure
A larger seizure where you lose consciousness for a few minutes. May result in cyanosis and you will turn blue some
Grand mal Seizure
Progressive and fatal brain disease due to formation of protein plaques or tangles of nerve fibers that interfere with communication between nerve cells in the brain
Alzheimers
Most common form of dementia?
Alzheimers
The most common symptom of Alzheimers?
Amnesia (Short term memory loss)
External surface of the brain with widened sulci and narrowed gyri mostly over frontal and parietal regions
Cerebral Atrophy
Lou Gehrigs Disease; Caused by destruction of both upper and lower motor neurons
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; ALS
Degenerative disorder of the central nervous system basal ganglia causing faulty nerve signal transmission
Parkinson’s Disease
What is the cause of Parkinson’s disease?
Insufficient dopamine
Disease of the nervous system; remissions and relapse Hardening or sclerosis scattered throughout the grey and white matters of the brain stem and the spinal cord
Multiple Sclerosis
What gets attacked in Multiple Sclerosis?
Attacks its own Myelin
The main symptom of Multiple Sclerosis?
Loss of coordination
Rare, degenerative brain disorder where the protein Prion is folded abnormally
Creutzfeldt -Jakob Disease
Motor disturbance present at birth, usually due to a congenital birth defect or trauma
Cerebral Palsy
Excessive accumulation of CSF in the ventricles of the brain
Hydrocephalus
Brain and spinal cord tumor
Neoplasms
Tumors that originate in the neuroglia of the brain
Gliomas
Type of Glioma; Astrocytes in the brain or spinal cord
Astrocytomas
Tumor of meninges
Meningioma
Malignant tumor of one or both eyes
Retinoblastoma
Renal Calculus or gravel
Nephrolithiasis
Prefix meaning kidney
Nephr
Suffix meaning pain
Odynia
Suffix meaning like
Oid
Prefix meaning few
Oligo
Diminished amount of urine production
Oliguria
Suffix meaning tumor
Oma
Inflammation of an ovary
Oophoritis
A condition or disease in which there is a change in anatomy
Organic
Suffix meaning full of
Osis
