Chapter 6 - Disturbances in Circulation Flashcards
Edema AKA Dropsy definition?
Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities due to shift of fluid from vascular space into another compartment.
The Etiology of Edema?
Increased Permiability of capillary walls
Increased permeability of capillary blood pressure
Inflammatory conditions
Low blood plasma osmotic pressure
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance
Anasarca
Generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue
Ascites
Fluid in the abdominal cavity
Fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body, especially the tunica vaginalis?
Hydrocele
Hyperemia
Excess of BLOOD in an area of the body
Congestion
Accumulation of BLOOD OR TISSUE FLUID in a body part
The dilation of arteries and increased arterial blood supply to an organ or tissue
Active Hyperemia
Physiological Hyperemia
Has to do with metabolic activity
Pathological Hyperemia
Acute inflammation or sunburned skin
Engorgement of organ or tissue due to inadequate venous drainage
Passive Hyperemia
Reduce in arterial supply to a tissue or body part
Ischemia
Causes of Ischemia
Arterial Obstruction Venous Obstruction Vasoconstriction External Pressure Heart Failure
How do you get Vasoconstriction ?
Due to abnormal function of nervous system
What are the effects of Ischemia?
Necrosis
Pain
Atrophy
Ischemic heart disease
The definition of Infarction (Ischemic Necrosis)
The formation of an area of necrosis i na tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area.
The formation or presence of an attached blood clot?
Thrombosis
Etiology of Thrombosis?
Injury of blood vessel
Reduced rate of blood flow
Alterations in blood composition
Blood diseases
The types of Thrombosis?
Partial
Obstructive
Septic - Most Dangerous
Aseptic
What are the location of Thrombosis?
Blood Vessels
Heart
What is Canalization?
Formation of new blood capillaries to bypass the thrombus
Do Tiny Thrombi resolve on their own?
Yes
The resolution in Thrombi?
Small thrombi dissolve not causing further damage
The calcification of Thrombi?
Mineral salts accumulate around thrombi; may become obstructive
What does the fragmentation of thrombi do?
Pieces of thrombus dislodge and move through the bloodstream
How does Septic Softening work?
Fragments move through bloodstream
Ischemia Thrombosis
Reduction in arterial blood supply
Thrombosis Infarction?
Tissue necrosis due to obstruction in arterial blood supplying to the area
Passive Hyperemia?
Abnormal venous drainage
What is an Embolism?
Obstruction of a blood vessel by free floating object in the bloodstream
The types of Embolisms?
Fragments of thrombi Clumps of bacteria Fragmented tumor cells Animal Parasites Fat Gas Foreign Bodies
The consequences of Embolism??
Ischemia Infarction Gangrene Spread of infection Spread of tumor cells Necrosis
What is a Hemorrhage?
Escape of blood from blood vascular system
Etiology of Hemorrhages?
Trauma
Vascular Diseases
Hypertension
Blood Diseases
Types of Hemorrhages?
Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Hematoma
What is a Hematoma?
Large collection of blood usually due to trauma
What is an Ecchymosis?
Small, non elevated hemorrhagic patch
What is Petechiae?
Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin
Bleeding from the nose?
Epistaxis
Blood coming from the Sputum?
Hemoptysis
Vomiting Blood?
Hematemesis
Bleeding in the Pericardial Cavity?
Hemopericardium
What is Hemothorax?
Blood in the thoracic cavity
Blood in the abdominal cavity?
Hemoperitoneum
Blood in the stool
Melena
Discharge of red blood cells in urine?
Hematuria
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?
Exsanguination
Condition in which the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the body tissues?
Shock
Shock Etiology?
Heat, cold, burns Radiation Severe hemorrhage Allergic Reaction Myocardial Infarction Trauma with soft tissue damage
What are the effects of Shock?
Blood lost from circulation Blood volume in blood vessels Less flow in blood vessels Less blood to the heart Less blood to body tissues Severe tissue damage
Types of Shock?
Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Septic shock
What are the symptoms of Shock?
Low Blood Pressure
Low Body temp
Shallow but rapid breathing
Heavy Perspiration
What is Dehydration?
Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem
Etiology of Dehydration?
Hemorrhage Fever Diabetes Mellitus Kidney or Adrenal disease Metabolic disorders Diarrhea or vomiting
Consequences of Dehydration?
Nervous System Respiration Dry Skin Opaque sticky organ surfaces Vascular collapse Brain heart and kidney damage
Plethora?
Increased in total blood volume
Etiology of Plethora?
Excess blood
Consequences of Plethora?
Headache and Dizziness
Vomiting
Heart and kidney damage
Diminished Circulation?
May lead to syncope ( Cessation of circulation)
What does the prefix En mean?
Means in
What is Encephalitis?
Inflammation of the brain
What prefix means Within?
Endo
What is Endocarditis?
Inflammation of the endocardium, or lining of the heart
Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix
Endocerviticitis
The ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue or its diffuse implantation
Endometriosis
What is a Endogenous Infection?
Produced or arising from within a cell or organism
Endospores?
Thick- walled spore with a bacterium
A bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, Gram negative bacteria
Endotoxin
Inflammation of the Intestines?
Enteritis
What is the prefix of Intestine?
Entero
What does Epi mean?
Prefix meaning upon
A disease higher than normal numbers?
Epidemic
What is Epilepsy?
A chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and convulsions
Bleeding from the nose?
Epistaxis
Suffix meaning Sensation
Esthesia
The prefix that means Out Of
EX
A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium
Exotoxin
Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?
Exsanguination
