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Pathology for Mortuary Science > Chapter 6 - Disturbances in Circulation > Flashcards

Chapter 6 - Disturbances in Circulation Flashcards

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1
Q

Edema AKA Dropsy definition?

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluids in tissue or body cavities due to shift of fluid from vascular space into another compartment.

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2
Q

The Etiology of Edema?

A

Increased Permiability of capillary walls
Increased permeability of capillary blood pressure
Inflammatory conditions
Low blood plasma osmotic pressure
Fluid and electrolyte imbalance

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3
Q

Anasarca

A

Generalized massive edema in subcutaneous tissue

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4
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid in the abdominal cavity

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5
Q

Fluid in any sacculated cavity in the body, especially the tunica vaginalis?

A

Hydrocele

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6
Q

Hyperemia

A

Excess of BLOOD in an area of the body

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7
Q

Congestion

A

Accumulation of BLOOD OR TISSUE FLUID in a body part

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8
Q

The dilation of arteries and increased arterial blood supply to an organ or tissue

A

Active Hyperemia

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9
Q

Physiological Hyperemia

A

Has to do with metabolic activity

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10
Q

Pathological Hyperemia

A

Acute inflammation or sunburned skin

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11
Q

Engorgement of organ or tissue due to inadequate venous drainage

A

Passive Hyperemia

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12
Q

Reduce in arterial supply to a tissue or body part

A

Ischemia

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13
Q

Causes of Ischemia

A 
Arterial Obstruction 
Venous Obstruction 
Vasoconstriction 
External Pressure 
Heart Failure
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14
Q

How do you get Vasoconstriction ?

A

Due to abnormal function of nervous system

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15
Q

What are the effects of Ischemia?

A

Necrosis
Pain
Atrophy
Ischemic heart disease

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16
Q

The definition of Infarction (Ischemic Necrosis)

A

The formation of an area of necrosis i na tissue caused by obstruction in the artery supplying the area.

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17
Q

The formation or presence of an attached blood clot?

A

Thrombosis

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18
Q

Etiology of Thrombosis?

A

Injury of blood vessel
Reduced rate of blood flow
Alterations in blood composition
Blood diseases

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19
Q

The types of Thrombosis?

A

Partial
Obstructive
Septic - Most Dangerous
Aseptic

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20
Q

What are the location of Thrombosis?

A

Blood Vessels

Heart

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21
Q

What is Canalization?

A

Formation of new blood capillaries to bypass the thrombus

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22
Q

Do Tiny Thrombi resolve on their own?

A

Yes

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23
Q

The resolution in Thrombi?

A

Small thrombi dissolve not causing further damage

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24
Q

The calcification of Thrombi?

A

Mineral salts accumulate around thrombi; may become obstructive

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25
Q

What does the fragmentation of thrombi do?

A

Pieces of thrombus dislodge and move through the bloodstream

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26
Q

How does Septic Softening work?

A

Fragments move through bloodstream

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27
Q

Ischemia Thrombosis

A

Reduction in arterial blood supply

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28
Q

Thrombosis Infarction?

A

Tissue necrosis due to obstruction in arterial blood supplying to the area

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29
Q

Passive Hyperemia?

A

Abnormal venous drainage

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30
Q

What is an Embolism?

A

Obstruction of a blood vessel by free floating object in the bloodstream

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31
Q

The types of Embolisms?

A 
Fragments of thrombi 
Clumps of bacteria 
Fragmented tumor cells 
Animal Parasites 
Fat
Gas
Foreign Bodies
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32
Q

The consequences of Embolism??

A 
Ischemia 
Infarction 
Gangrene 
Spread of infection 
Spread of tumor cells 
Necrosis
33
Q

What is a Hemorrhage?

A

Escape of blood from blood vascular system

34
Q

Etiology of Hemorrhages?

A

Trauma
Vascular Diseases
Hypertension
Blood Diseases

35
Q

Types of Hemorrhages?

A

Petechiae
Ecchymosis
Hematoma

36
Q

What is a Hematoma?

A

Large collection of blood usually due to trauma

37
Q

What is an Ecchymosis?

A

Small, non elevated hemorrhagic patch

38
Q

What is Petechiae?

A

Antemortem, pinpoint, extravascular blood discoloration visible as purplish hemorrhages of the skin

39
Q

Bleeding from the nose?

A

Epistaxis

40
Q

Blood coming from the Sputum?

A

Hemoptysis

41
Q

Vomiting Blood?

A

Hematemesis

42
Q

Bleeding in the Pericardial Cavity?

A

Hemopericardium

43
Q

What is Hemothorax?

A

Blood in the thoracic cavity

44
Q

Blood in the abdominal cavity?

A

Hemoperitoneum

45
Q

Blood in the stool

A

Melena

46
Q

Discharge of red blood cells in urine?

A

Hematuria

47
Q

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?

A

Exsanguination

48
Q

Condition in which the circulatory system is unable to provide adequate blood supply to the body tissues?

A

Shock

49
Q

Shock Etiology?

A 
Heat, cold, burns 
Radiation 
Severe hemorrhage 
Allergic Reaction
Myocardial Infarction 
Trauma with soft tissue damage
50
Q

What are the effects of Shock?

A 
Blood lost from circulation 
Blood volume in blood vessels 
Less flow in blood vessels 
Less blood to the heart 
Less blood to body tissues 
Severe tissue damage
51
Q

Types of Shock?

A

Cardiogenic
Hypovolemic
Septic shock

52
Q

What are the symptoms of Shock?

A

Low Blood Pressure
Low Body temp
Shallow but rapid breathing
Heavy Perspiration

53
Q

What is Dehydration?

A

Loss of moisture from body tissue which may occur antemortem or postmortem

54
Q

Etiology of Dehydration?

A 
Hemorrhage 
Fever
Diabetes Mellitus 
Kidney or Adrenal disease 
Metabolic disorders 
Diarrhea or vomiting
55
Q

Consequences of Dehydration?

A 
Nervous System 
Respiration 
Dry Skin 
Opaque sticky organ surfaces
Vascular collapse 
Brain heart and kidney damage
56
Q

Plethora?

A

Increased in total blood volume

57
Q

Etiology of Plethora?

A

Excess blood

58
Q

Consequences of Plethora?

A

Headache and Dizziness
Vomiting
Heart and kidney damage

59
Q

Diminished Circulation?

A

May lead to syncope ( Cessation of circulation)

60
Q

What does the prefix En mean?

A

Means in

61
Q

What is Encephalitis?

A

Inflammation of the brain

62
Q

What prefix means Within?

A

Endo

63
Q

What is Endocarditis?

A

Inflammation of the endocardium, or lining of the heart

64
Q

Inflammation of the mucous membrane of the cervix

A

Endocerviticitis

65
Q

The ectopic occurrence of endometrial tissue or its diffuse implantation

A

Endometriosis

66
Q

What is a Endogenous Infection?

A

Produced or arising from within a cell or organism

67
Q

Endospores?

A

Thick- walled spore with a bacterium

68
Q

A bacterial toxin confined within the body of a bacterium freed only when the bacterium is broken down, Gram negative bacteria

A

Endotoxin

69
Q

Inflammation of the Intestines?

A

Enteritis

70
Q

What is the prefix of Intestine?

A

Entero

71
Q

What does Epi mean?

A

Prefix meaning upon

72
Q

A disease higher than normal numbers?

A

Epidemic

73
Q

What is Epilepsy?

A

A chronic neurogenic disease marked by sudden alterations in consciousness and convulsions

74
Q

Bleeding from the nose?

A

Epistaxis

75
Q

Suffix meaning Sensation

A

Esthesia

76
Q

The prefix that means Out Of

A

EX

77
Q

A toxin produced by a microorganism and excreted into its surrounding medium

A

Exotoxin

78
Q

Loss of blood to the point where life can no longer be sustained?

A

Exsanguination

Pathology for Mortuary Science (18 decks)

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