Chapter 7 - Neoplasms and Cysts (Oncology) Flashcards
How is growth regulated?
By genetic program and growth-promoting and/or growth-inhibiting factors
What are Cellular Alterations?
Permanent cellular changes triggered by adverse conditions
Are cellular changes neoplastic?
No
What does neo-plastic mean?
New growth changes
What is a list of Non- neoplastic changes?
Atrophy Hypertrophy Hyperplasia Dysplasia Metaplasia
What is a Tumor Neoplasm?
The abnormal excessive and uncontrolled multiplication of cells with the formation of a mass or new growth of tissue
How is a tumor caused?
By genetic mutation due to exposure to carcinogens
What are the examples of Carcinogens that would lead to a tumor?
Genetic Disposition Microbial Carncinogen Radioactive Factors Chemical Carcinogen Hormones Animal Carcinogens Personal Risk Behaviors
What are the classifications of Neoplasms?
Benign Neoplasm - Oma
Malignant Neoplasm - Carcinoma
What is a Scar?
A mark left in the skin or an internal organ by the healing of a wound, sore, or injury; Connective Tissue
What are the causes of Benign Tumors?
Trauma
Infections
Degenerative disorders
Inflammatory diseases
What does NOT happen with Benign Neoplasms?
They Dont: Migrate Return after surgical removal Cause extensive tissue damage Cause whole body changes Become fatal
A group of closely packed cells that cover surfaces, line body cavities, and form secretory parts of glands
Epithelial Tissue
What is an Adenoma?
A neoplasm formed by glandular epithelium
Circumscribed overgrowth or hypertrophy of the papillae of a cutaneous or mucous surface?
Papilloma
Circumscribed vascular tumor of the skin or other body organs due to HYPERPLASIA of the blood vessels
Nevus
What is a Polyp?
A growth or mass of tissue that protrudes from a mucous membrane
Osteoma
Bone Tumor
Chondroma
Cartilage Tumor in Benign Tumors
Lipoma
Adipose tissue - Benign Tumor
Angioma
Blood vessel or
lymph vessel tumor
Benign Tumor
Hematoma
Tumor-like swelling filled with blood
Benign Tumor
Fibroma
Fibrous, encapsulated tissue; irregular in shape
Benign tumor
What is Connective Tissue?
Loosely arranged cells and fibers that have nerve and blood supply; they connect together
Something that grows from the mastoid process producing and external swelling
Mastoid Osteoma
Lipoblastoma
Uncommon, usually recurrent benign tumor of embryonic adipose tissues that occurs predominantly in children
Painless, slowly growing, solid tumor that distorts shape of tissue; resembles a cauliflower ear
Chondroma of auricle
Highly vascular tissue that allows movement of body parts and materials through tubes
Muscle Tissue
Striated muscle tissue tumor usually infants and young children, heart
disorders
BENIGN
Rhabdomyoma
Smooth muscle tissue tumor - BENIGN
Leiomyoma
Form processes, recognize environmental changes, drives responses
Nervous Tissue
Neuroma
Tumor composed of nerve cells
What is a Sarcoma?
A tumor arising from connective tissue
Osteosarcoma
Bone tumor - MALIGNANT
Chondrosarcoma
Cartilage tumor in Maligant tumors
Liposarcoma
Adipose tissue sarcoma
MALIGNANT
Angiosarcoma
Tumor of vascular endothelial cells
MALIGNANT
Tumor formed by fibrous tissue
MALIGNANT
Fibrosarcoma
Tumor of the lymphatic system that arise in the lymph nodes or in other lymphoid tissues
Lymphoma
Tumor of the blood
Leukemia
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Tumor of striated muscle tissue
MALIGNANT
Leiomyosarcoma
Tumor of smooth muscle tissue
MALIGNANT
What is Glioma?
Sarcoma of neurological origin; tumor composed of neuroglial cells
Sacs within the body surface containing air or fluid
Cysts
Overian Cyst
Benign, fluid filled sacs on or near the ovary
Physiologic Ovarian Cysts
Forming on normally functioning, ovaries, most common , may become very large
Neoplastic Ovarian Cysts
Abnormal type not related to function
The Symptoms of an Ovarian Cyst
Low back Pain
Pelvic Pain
Dyspareunia
A sebaceus gland that produces sebum and then becomes blocked and sebum collects under the skin
Sebaceous Cyst
What does Melanoma arise from?
Melanocytes
Transitional cell Carcinoma
Carcinoma of the urinary system
Melanoma
A malignant pigmented mole
Least common, but most serious
Can Metasticize if untreated
Squamous cell carcinoma
Tumor of epidermal squamous cells
Tumor of the basal cells
Basal cell carcinoma
Adenocarcinoma
Arising from glandular organs
Transitional cell carcinoma
Tumor of the urinary System
Fluid- filled cyst that causes a bulge and a feeling of tightness behind your knee
Baker Cyst
Round or oval noncancerous lumps typically filled with a jelly fluid
Ganglion Cysts
Noninfectious blockage and swelling of the oil gland; Changes to a painless lump in the eyelid center
Chalazion
Infection in the oil gland; Painful lump in the eyelid margin
Stye
The fluid that oozes through the tissues into a cavity or to the surface
Exudate
Facultative Aerobe
Prefers NO oxygen, but can live and grow in oxygen if need be
Facultative Anaerobe
Prefers an oxygen environment, but can live and grow in its absence
Facultative Bacteria
Having the ability to live or adapt to certain areas
Faculatative Saprophyte
Prefers live organic matter, but can adapt to leaving off dead organic things
An encapsulated tumor composed mainly of fibrous connective tissue
Fibroma
What is a Focal Infection?
One in which the organisms are originally confined to one area but enter the blood or lymph vessels
Any inanimate object to which infectious material adheres and can be transmitted
Fomite
Having rapid and severe onset, usually fatal
Fulminating
A condition or disease in which there is no recognizable change in anatomy
Functional
A group of diverse and widespread unicellular and multi cellular organisms
Fungus
What is a Furuncle?
An abscess or pyogenic infection of a sweat
A form of Necrosis combined with putrefaction?
Gangrene
A parenchymatous nephritis with pronounced lesions in the glomeruli
Glomerulonephritis
An infection that becomes sytemic
General Infection
What means generation?
Genesis
