Chapter 4 - Vitamins Flashcards
Vitamins
Organic substances for normal growth and activity of the body
Deficiencies
Disease due to lack of metabolic substances
Toxin
A poison substance of plant, animal, bacterial, or fungal origin
How does Hypervitaminosis occur?
In association with food or dietary supplement faddism
What vitamins are the soluble fats?
A,D,E,K
What vitamins are the water soluble
B Complex, C
What does the Vitamin A deficiency have?
Is obtained from carotene; Has dry flat epithelial cells that become hard
What are the side effects of Vitamin A deficiency?
- The conjunctiva kertinizes,
- The mucous membrane drys up which risks infection,
- Night Blindness
- Dry Skin and tooth defects
How is the Vitamin B complex obtained?
Through grains and rice
What is the deficiency of Thiamine result in?
Beriberi which only occurs in chronic alcoholics
What does a Niacin deficiency result in?
- Abnormal heart rate
- Damage to blood vessels
- Pellagra
What is Pellagra?
Dietary lack of B3 and tryptophan
What are the four symptoms of Pellagra?? (Four Ds)
Diarrhea
Dermatitis
Dementia
Death
What is Riboflavin B2 good for?
Important for energy metabolism
Cheilosis
Sore and cracked lips
Folic Acid B9 deficiency
May result in anemia and spina bifida
What is Vitamin C needed for??
Needed for collagen synthesis; Prevents progression of Alzheimer disease
What does the deficiency of vitamin C result in??
Lowers Collagen Formation
Lowers Absorption of Iron
Infections Increase
Scurvy
What does the deficiency in Vitamin D result in?
Usually results in Rickets because you cant absorb calcium well
Why do you need Vitamin D?
To absorb Calcium well from intestines
What is Rickets?
Deformities of the long bones, body soreness
What is Hypervitaminosis?
Increased blood calcium levels
What does Hypervitaminosis cause?
Arteriosclerosis;, Risks Kidney Stones and Decalcification of bones
What does the deficiency of Vitamin E result in?
Hemolysis of RBC
Vitamin K deficiencies do what to your blood?
Unregular bleeding due to blood being able to coagulate and clot properly
Low Protein deficiencies result in Marasmus, which is what?
Depravation of calories and proteins in body
What is Kwashiorkor?
Protein deficiency that effects the liver and viscera, also causes your hair to lose the color
What does Iron Deficiency result in?
Anemia, Pale Appearance, Decreased Enzyme Activity
Potassium Deficiency happen why?
From dehydration disorders or steroid use
How does Iodine deficiency result in??
Enlarged Thyroid Gland (Goiter)
What does Chronic mean?
A disease with more or less slow onset and long duration
A degeneration or atrophy of the parenchyma cells of an organ the interstitial connective tissue
Cirrhosis
Cleft Palate means what?
Congenitally malformed palate with a fissure along the mid line
What is the definition of Clinical Pathology?
Study of disease by means of body secretions
Colitis
Inflammation of th e mucous membrane of the colon
Commensalism means what?
The symbiotic relationship of two organisms
Congestion meaning?
Accumulation of an excess of blood or tissue fluid in a body part
Contusion
A bruise, often accompanied with swelling
Cretinism meaning??
A congenital condition due to hypothyroidism resulting in mental retardation
Cryptorchism meaning??
Condition in which the descent of a testis into the scrotum is a
Bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to lack of oxygen is what??
Cyanosis
Cyst
A sac within or on the body surface containing air or fluid
What does the prefix of cyst mean?
Bladder
Cystitis definition
Inflammation of the bladder, especially the urinary bladder
What is Faddism??
It is based upon exaggerated belief in beneficial effects of food or nutrition
A disturbance in sense or motion
Peripheral Neuropathy
What is Folic Acid important for?
Cell division and CNS development
What is infantile scurvy also called?
Barlow’s Disease
Whats Latin for scurvy?
Scorbutan
What does Hypercalcemia cause?
Arteriosclerosis
Kidney Stones
Bones Decalcify
