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Pathology for Mortuary Science > Chapter 2 - Cellular Reaction to Injury > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Cellular Reaction to Injury Flashcards

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1
Q

Causes of Cellular Changes (There is 6)

A
  1. Oxygen Deprivation,
  2. Nutritional Deficiencies,
  3. Chemical Agents,
  4. Autoimmmune Diseases,
  5. Genetic Defects,
  6. Aging Process
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2
Q

Actual Cellular Changes (9)

A
  1. Cellular Swelling,
  2. Degeneration,
  3. Infiltration,
  4. Necrosis
  5. Atrophy,
  6. Hypertrophy,
  7. Hyperplasia,
  8. Regeneration,
  9. Somatic Death
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3
Q

Regressive Cellular Change

A

Cell and tissue changes that result in necrosis and tissue dissolution if the changes continue and are not arrested

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4
Q

Cellular Swelling

A

Increase in cell water content due to cell injury that allows intra-cellular sodium to rise

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5
Q

Pallor

A

Loss of Color

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6
Q

Turgor

A

Cells become distended and also become more rigid

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7
Q

Degeneration

A

The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease resulting in appearance of substances within cells.

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8
Q

Fatty degeneration

A

Deposit of abnormal amounts of fat in cells

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9
Q

Amyloid Degeneration

A

Deposits of a (starch like protein) giving tissues WAXY, TRANSLUCENT hyaline, appearance

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10
Q

Colloid Degeneration

A

JELLY-LIKE appearance of tissues; The cause is because of a lung-dust disease by inhalation of coal

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11
Q

Infiltration

A

The process of SEEPAGE or DIFFUSION into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present

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12
Q

Fatty Infiltration

A

Deposit of fat in tissues

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13
Q

Pigmentation

A

Coloration caused by deposit, or lack,of colored material in the tissues

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14
Q

Exogenous

A

Pigment transmitted from outside the body

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15
Q

Endogenous

A

Pigment present in the body

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16
Q

Carotenemia

A

Carotene in blood

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17
Q

Plumbism

A

Due to lead poisoning

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18
Q

Calcification

A

Calcium deposits in tissue usually surrounded by bacteria, necrotic cells, mucous, or other foreign materials

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19
Q

Renaliths

A

Kidney Stones

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20
Q

Vesical Calculi

A

Bladder stones

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21
Q

Fecaliths

A

Calcium deposits in intestines or appendix

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22
Q

Rhinoliths

A

Calcium deposits in nose

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23
Q

Choleliths

A

Calcium deposits in gallstones

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24
Q

Pneumoliths

A

Calcium deposits in the lungs

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25
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Calcium deposits in the arteries

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26
Q

Lithopedion

A

Calcified fetus, usually in the fallopian tubes

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27
Q

Gout

A

Primary chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood uric acid levels

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28
Q

Cellular Death

A

Cell degeneration that can lead to cell and tissue death without replacement

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29
Q

Apoptosis

A

Programmed cell death

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30
Q

Necrosis

A

Cell death caused by disease

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31
Q

Coagulative Necrosis Tissue

A

Degeneration of proteins; tissue becomes dry, firm, form yellowish mass; Occurs due to ischemia

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32
Q

Caseous Necrotic Tissue

A

Result of certain infections such as tuberculosis; Cream; white “cheesy” appearance

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33
Q

Liquefactive Tissue

A

Necrotic tissue softens, becomes wet

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34
Q

Dry Ischemic Tissue, and how does it look while in that phase?

A

Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply. Dry firm and black appearance

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35
Q

Gangrene

A

Necrosis of tissue, usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply; most common

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36
Q

Dry Gangrene

A

Obstruction of ARTERIAL blood flow; Tissue is shrunken, dark black; Diabetic patients normally carry this

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37
Q

Wet Gangrene

A

Results from inadequate VENOUS drainage; Usually in extremities or areas of bedsores

38
Q

Etiology

A

Infection, Insufficient blood supply

39
Q

Atrophy

A

The size of an organ or tissue shrinking

40
Q

Hypertrophy

A

The enlargement of an organ or part due to the INCREASE in SIZE OF CELLS composing it

41
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the NUMBER OF CELLS

42
Q

Aplasia

A

An absence of cells that lead to incomplete formation of limbs or organs

43
Q

Antagonism

A

Mutual opposition or contrary action, the inhibition of one bacterium by another

44
Q

Antibody

A

Glycoprotein substances developed in response to and interacting specifically with antigen

45
Q

Antigen

A

Stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it

46
Q

Antisepsis

A

Preventing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microoganisms

47
Q

Attenuation

A

Dilution of weakening of the virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing its pathogenicity

48
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and the loss of elasticity

49
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity

50
Q

Asphyxia

A

The inability to take in necessary amounts of oxygen

51
Q

Atrophy

A

A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue

52
Q

Autotrophic Bacteria

A

Bacteria capable of growing itself

53
Q

Bacillus

A

Any rod-shaped organism

54
Q

Algor Mortis

A

Cooling of the body ; Reaches this temp 24 hours after death

55
Q

Livor Mortis

A

Accumulation of blood in organs postmortem; pools on the body because the heart isnt working.

56
Q

Putrefaction

A

Decomposition of organic matter, especially protein, by microorganisms. Autolysis of dead tissue and bacterial growth. Begins in abdomen to the brain

57
Q

Somatic Death

A

Cessation of vital activities of the body resulting in cell degeneration, necrosis, atrophy

58
Q

Hyperplasia

A

The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of cells

59
Q

Anoxia

A

Deficient blood oxygen supplies to tissues

60
Q

Means enzyme

A

Ase

61
Q

Ante

A

Means before

62
Q

Anti

A

Means against

63
Q

Arteritis

A

Inflammation, usually of a chronic progressive character

64
Q

Avulsion

A

A tearing away

65
Q

What are the side effects of Gout?

A

Uric acid levels rise in kidneys, ears and eyelids

66
Q

What does Causeous Necrotic Tissue look like?

A

Creamy cheese appearance white

67
Q

What is Amyloid?

A

A starch-like protein.

68
Q

Saprogenic

A

Feeds on dead organisms

69
Q

Crepitation

A

Stretching of the tissue due to gas production by the bacteria

70
Q

Sepsis

A

Whole-body inflammatory state caused by infection

71
Q

Physiological Hypertrophy body reaction

A

Normal adaptation to increased functional demand. Enlargement of breasts

72
Q

Pathological Hypertrophy Body Reaction

A

Heart size increases

73
Q

Compensatory Hypertrophy Body Reaction

A

Absence of a disease, increase in size of organ or tissue

74
Q

What does Prostate BPH mean?

A

Benign prostate hyperplasia or hypertrophy

75
Q

What is Metaplasia?

A

Replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there.

76
Q

Regeneration

A

The replacement of damaged cells with identical cells

77
Q

Somatic Changes

A

Are changes that pertain to the whole body

78
Q

Cadaveric Changes

A

Changes seen after somatic death

79
Q

Algor Mortis

A

Cooling of the body; 24 hours after death

80
Q

Livor Mortis

A

Accumulation of blood in the organs

81
Q

Progeria

A

Body ages incredibly fast, but is only a child

82
Q

What is Mucoid Degeneration?

A

Cells in some tumors swell and develop into “jelly-like masses”

83
Q

2nd Definition for Degeneration??

A

Regressive tissue changes

84
Q

INTRAcellular

A

Within a cell or cells

85
Q

INTERcellular

A

Among the cell spaces

86
Q

Caseation meaning??

A

Cells in some tumors swell and develop into “jelly- like” masses

87
Q

Plumbism

A

Lead pigments caused by lead poisoning

88
Q

What are particulate pigments?

A

Asbestosis, silicosis, anthracosis, pneumocosis

89
Q

What is Hereditary Metabolic Disorder?

A

Accumulation of uric acid and uric acid salts in joints, kidneys, external ears and eyelids; Gout

90
Q

Pathologic meaning?

A

Caused by, altered by or manifesting a disease

91
Q

What does “Low Oxygen” stand for?

A

Hypoxia

Pathology for Mortuary Science (18 decks)

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