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Pathology for Mortuary Science > Chapter 2 - Cellular Reaction to Injury > Flashcards

Chapter 2 - Cellular Reaction to Injury Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of Cellular Changes (There is 6)

A
  1. Oxygen Deprivation,
  2. Nutritional Deficiencies,
  3. Chemical Agents,
  4. Autoimmmune Diseases,
  5. Genetic Defects,
  6. Aging Process
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2
Q

Actual Cellular Changes (9)

A
  1. Cellular Swelling,
  2. Degeneration,
  3. Infiltration,
  4. Necrosis
  5. Atrophy,
  6. Hypertrophy,
  7. Hyperplasia,
  8. Regeneration,
  9. Somatic Death
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3
Q

Regressive Cellular Change

A

Cell and tissue changes that result in necrosis and tissue dissolution if the changes continue and are not arrested

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4
Q

Cellular Swelling

A

Increase in cell water content due to cell injury that allows intra-cellular sodium to rise

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5
Q

Pallor

A

Loss of Color

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6
Q

Turgor

A

Cells become distended and also become more rigid

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7
Q

Degeneration

A

The deterioration of tissues with corresponding functional impairment as a result of disease resulting in appearance of substances within cells.

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8
Q

Fatty degeneration

A

Deposit of abnormal amounts of fat in cells

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9
Q

Amyloid Degeneration

A

Deposits of a (starch like protein) giving tissues WAXY, TRANSLUCENT hyaline, appearance

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10
Q

Colloid Degeneration

A

JELLY-LIKE appearance of tissues; The cause is because of a lung-dust disease by inhalation of coal

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11
Q

Infiltration

A

The process of SEEPAGE or DIFFUSION into tissue of substances that are not ordinarily present

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12
Q

Fatty Infiltration

A

Deposit of fat in tissues

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13
Q

Pigmentation

A

Coloration caused by deposit, or lack,of colored material in the tissues

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14
Q

Exogenous

A

Pigment transmitted from outside the body

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15
Q

Endogenous

A

Pigment present in the body

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16
Q

Carotenemia

A

Carotene in blood

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17
Q

Plumbism

A

Due to lead poisoning

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18
Q

Calcification

A

Calcium deposits in tissue usually surrounded by bacteria, necrotic cells, mucous, or other foreign materials

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19
Q

Renaliths

A

Kidney Stones

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20
Q

Vesical Calculi

A

Bladder stones

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21
Q

Fecaliths

A

Calcium deposits in intestines or appendix

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22
Q

Rhinoliths

A

Calcium deposits in nose

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23
Q

Choleliths

A

Calcium deposits in gallstones

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24
Q

Pneumoliths

A

Calcium deposits in the lungs

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25
Arteriosclerosis
Calcium deposits in the arteries
26
Lithopedion
Calcified fetus, usually in the fallopian tubes
27
Gout
Primary chronic metabolic disorder associated with elevated blood uric acid levels
28
Cellular Death
Cell degeneration that can lead to cell and tissue death without replacement
29
Apoptosis
Programmed cell death
30
Necrosis
Cell death caused by disease
31
Coagulative Necrosis Tissue
Degeneration of proteins; tissue becomes dry, firm, form yellowish mass; Occurs due to ischemia
32
Caseous Necrotic Tissue
Result of certain infections such as tuberculosis; Cream; white "cheesy" appearance
33
Liquefactive Tissue
Necrotic tissue softens, becomes wet
34
Dry Ischemic Tissue, and how does it look while in that phase?
Death of tissue due to lack of blood supply. Dry firm and black appearance
35
Gangrene
Necrosis of tissue, usually resulting from deficient or absent blood supply; most common
36
Dry Gangrene
Obstruction of ARTERIAL blood flow; Tissue is shrunken, dark black; Diabetic patients normally carry this
37
Wet Gangrene
Results from inadequate VENOUS drainage; Usually in extremities or areas of bedsores
38
Etiology
Infection, Insufficient blood supply
39
Atrophy
The size of an organ or tissue shrinking
40
Hypertrophy
The enlargement of an organ or part due to the INCREASE in SIZE OF CELLS composing it
41
Hyperplasia
The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the NUMBER OF CELLS
42
Aplasia
An absence of cells that lead to incomplete formation of limbs or organs
43
Antagonism
Mutual opposition or contrary action, the inhibition of one bacterium by another
44
Antibody
Glycoprotein substances developed in response to and interacting specifically with antigen
45
Antigen
Stimulates the formation of antibodies that interact specifically with it
46
Antisepsis
Preventing or inhibiting the growth of pathogenic microoganisms
47
Attenuation
Dilution of weakening of the virulence of a microorganism, reducing or abolishing its pathogenicity
48
Arteriosclerosis
Disease of the arteries resulting in thickening and the loss of elasticity
49
Ascites
Accumulation of free serous fluid in the abdominal cavity
50
Asphyxia
The inability to take in necessary amounts of oxygen
51
Atrophy
A wasting, decrease in size of an organ or tissue
52
Autotrophic Bacteria
Bacteria capable of growing itself
53
Bacillus
Any rod-shaped organism
54
Algor Mortis
Cooling of the body ; Reaches this temp 24 hours after death
55
Livor Mortis
Accumulation of blood in organs postmortem; pools on the body because the heart isnt working.
56
Putrefaction
Decomposition of organic matter, especially protein, by microorganisms. Autolysis of dead tissue and bacterial growth. Begins in abdomen to the brain
57
Somatic Death
Cessation of vital activities of the body resulting in cell degeneration, necrosis, atrophy
58
Hyperplasia
The increased size of an organ or part due to the excessive but regulated increase in the number of cells
59
Anoxia
Deficient blood oxygen supplies to tissues
60
Means enzyme
Ase
61
Ante
Means before
62
Anti
Means against
63
Arteritis
Inflammation, usually of a chronic progressive character
64
Avulsion
A tearing away
65
What are the side effects of Gout?
Uric acid levels rise in kidneys, ears and eyelids
66
What does Causeous Necrotic Tissue look like?
Creamy cheese appearance white
67
What is Amyloid?
A starch-like protein.
68
Saprogenic
Feeds on dead organisms
69
Crepitation
Stretching of the tissue due to gas production by the bacteria
70
Sepsis
Whole-body inflammatory state caused by infection
71
Physiological Hypertrophy body reaction
Normal adaptation to increased functional demand. Enlargement of breasts
72
Pathological Hypertrophy Body Reaction
Heart size increases
73
Compensatory Hypertrophy Body Reaction
Absence of a disease, increase in size of organ or tissue
74
What does Prostate BPH mean?
Benign prostate hyperplasia or hypertrophy
75
What is Metaplasia?
Replacement of one type of tissue into a form that is not normally found there.
76
Regeneration
The replacement of damaged cells with identical cells
77
Somatic Changes
Are changes that pertain to the whole body
78
Cadaveric Changes
Changes seen after somatic death
79
Algor Mortis
Cooling of the body; 24 hours after death
80
Livor Mortis
Accumulation of blood in the organs
81
Progeria
Body ages incredibly fast, but is only a child
82
What is Mucoid Degeneration?
Cells in some tumors swell and develop into "jelly-like masses"
83
2nd Definition for Degeneration??
Regressive tissue changes
84
INTRAcellular
Within a cell or cells
85
INTERcellular
Among the cell spaces
86
Caseation meaning??
Cells in some tumors swell and develop into "jelly- like" masses
87
Plumbism
Lead pigments caused by lead poisoning
88
What are particulate pigments?
Asbestosis, silicosis, anthracosis, pneumocosis
89
What is Hereditary Metabolic Disorder?
Accumulation of uric acid and uric acid salts in joints, kidneys, external ears and eyelids; Gout
90
Pathologic meaning?
Caused by, altered by or manifesting a disease
91
What does "Low Oxygen" stand for?
Hypoxia

Pathology for Mortuary Science (18 decks)

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