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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 Digestive System > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Digestive System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

An/o

A

Anus, ring

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1
Q

Aer/o

A

Air or gas

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2
Q

Bar/o

A

Pressure, weight

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3
Q

Cheil/o

Labi/o

A

Lips

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4
Q

Chol/e

A

Bile, gall

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5
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder

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6
Q

Col/o

Colon/o

A

Colon, large intestine

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7
Q

-eal

A

Pertaining to

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8
Q

-emesis or emesis

A

Vomiting

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9
Q

Enter/o

A

Small intestine

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10
Q

Eruct/o

Eructat/o

A

Belch forth

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11
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus

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12
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach, belly

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13
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver

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14
Q

Hiat/o

A

Opening

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15
Q

Ile/o

A

Ileum, small intestine

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16
Q

Inguin/o

A

Groin

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17
Q

-lithiasis

A

Presence of stones

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18
Q

Obes/o

A

Obese

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19
Q

Occult/o

A

Hidden, concealed

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20
Q

Palat/o

A

Palate

Roof of mouth

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21
Q

-pepsia

A

Digest, digestion

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22
Q

-phagia

A

Eating, swallowing

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23
Q

Plak/o

-plakia

A

Plaque, plate, thin flat layer or scale

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24
Q

Proct/o

A

Anus and rectum

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25
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum, straight

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26
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon

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27
Q

Stom/o

Stomat/o

A

Mouth, oral cavity

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28
Q

Volv/o

A

Roll, turn

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29
Q

Xer/o

A

Dry

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30
Q

Borborygmus

A

Rumbling noise caused by movement of gas in the intestines

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31
Q

Bariatrics

A

Branch of medicine concerned with prevention and control of obesity

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32
Q

Aphthous ulcers

A

Canker sores

Gray-white pits with red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth associated with stress or fever

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33
Q

Cheilosis

A

Crack like sores at the corners of the mouth

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34
Q

Anorexia nervous

A

Eating disorder characterized by false perception of body appearance. Intense fear of gaining weight. Starvation and excessive exercise

35
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

Eating disorder characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by purging

36
Q

Cachexia

A

Condition of physical wasting away due to loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in sick patients

37
Q

Aerophagia

A

Excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking

38
Q

Celiac disease

A

Gluten intolerance

Damages villi of the small intestine

39
Q

Ascites

A

Result of liver disease

Abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity

40
Q

Antacid

A

Neutralizes stomach acid to relieve discomfort

41
Q

Antiemetic

A

Medication administered to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting

42
Q

Anastomosis

A

Surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

43
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

44
Q

Leukoplakia

A

Abnormal white precancerous lesion that develops on the tongue or inner cheek as a result of chronic irritation

45
Q

Stomatitis

A

Inflammation of mucosa of the mouth

46
Q

Herpes labialis

A

Cold sores

Blister-like sores on the lips and adjacent facial tissue

47
Q

Trismus

A

Any reaction to the opening of the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with treatment of oral cancer

48
Q

Xerostomia

A

Dry mouth

Lack of adequate saliva due to diminished secretions by salivary glands

49
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

GERD

A

Upward flow of acid from the stomach into esophagus

50
Q

Esophageal varicies

A

Enlarged veins at lower end of esophagus

51
Q

Hiatial hernia

A

Portion of stomach protrudes upward I to chest through opening in the diaphragm

52
Q

Peptic ulcers

A

Sores that affect mucous membranes of the digestive system

53
Q

Obesity

A

20-30% over established weight standards

54
Q

Morbid obesity

A

Weighing twice the healthy weight

55
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion

Pain or discomfort in digestion

56
Q

Hematemesis

A

Vomiting blood

57
Q

Hyperemesis

A

Extreme persistent vomiting

58
Q

Regurgitation

A

Return of swallowed food into the mouth

59
Q

Polyp

A

Mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane

60
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Abnormal number of diverticulum in the colon

61
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of diverticulum in colon

62
Q

Enteritis

A

Inflammation of small intestine caused by consuming contaminated food/water

63
Q

Ileus

A

Partial or complete blockage of small or large intestine

64
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Cramping, pain, bloating, constipation, diarrhea

Not caused by pathogens

65
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease

A

General name for diseases that cause inflammation and swelling in the intestines

66
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

IBD

Chronic condition in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers

67
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

IBD

Blockage of intestine due to swelling and scarring

68
Q

Volvulus

A

Twisting of intestine on itself, causing obstruction

69
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Protrusion of small loop of bowel through weak place in lower abdominal wall or groin

70
Q

Salmonellosis

A

Salmonella

71
Q

Melena

A

Indicates injury in upper GI

Black tarry stools

72
Q

Jaundice

A

Excess bilirubin in blood causes yellow discoloration of skin and eyes

73
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver by viral infection

74
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Degenerative disease of liver characterized by scarring

75
Q

Cholangitis

A

Inflammation of bile duct characterized by pain in abdomen, fever, jaundice

76
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation of gallbladder blocking flow of bile

77
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Presence of gallstones in gallbladder or bile ducts

78
Q

Choleangiography

A

Radiographic exam of bile ducts with use of contrast medium

79
Q

Colonoscopy

A

Direct visual exam of inner surface of entire colon

80
Q

Sigmoidoscopy

A

Endoscopic exam of rectum and sigmoid colon

81
Q

Proton pump inhibitors

A

Decreases amount of acid produced by stomach

82
Q

Total parenteral nutrition

A

Administered to patients who cannot get nutrition through eating
Administered through IV

83
Q

Emetic drugs

A

Induce vomiting

84
Q

Laxatives

A

Stimulate bowel movements

85
Q

Palatoplasty

A

Surgical repair of cleft palate

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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