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Medical Terminology > Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Cardiovascular System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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1
Q

Angi/o

Vas/o

A

Blood or lymph vessel

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2
Q

Ather/o

A

Plaque, fatty substance

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3
Q

Capill/o

A

Hair

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4
Q

Card/o

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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5
Q

-crasia

A

A mixture or blending

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6
Q

Electr/o

A

Electricity, electric

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7
Q

Embol/o

A

Something inserted or thrown in

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8
Q

-emia

A

Blood, blood condition

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9
Q

Erythr/o

A

Red

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10
Q

Fibrill/o

A

Muscular twitching

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11
Q

Hem/o

Hemat/o

A

Blood, relating to blood

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12
Q

Infarct/o

A

Filled in, stuffed

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13
Q

Leuk/o

A

White

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14
Q

Occlus/o

Occlud/o

A

Shut, close up

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15
Q

Rhythm/o

A

Rhythm

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16
Q

-sclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening

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17
Q

Sept/o

A

Infection, partition

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18
Q

Tachy-

A

Fast, rapid

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19
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

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20
Q

Valv/o

Valvul/o

A

Valve

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21
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

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22
Q

Angina

A

Severe episodes of chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to myocardium

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23
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Atherosclerosis of coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to heart; insufficient oxygen supply causes angina, myocardial infarction, or death

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24
Q

Ischemic heart disease

A

Cardiac disabilities associated with coronary artery disease resulting from insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

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25
Q

Atheroma

A

Deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall

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26
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Aka heart attack; occlusion (blockage) of one or more coronary arteries caused by plaque buildup

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27
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of inner lining of the heart

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28
Q

Cardiomyopathy

A

Describes diseases of the heart muscle

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29
Q

Valvulitis

A

Inflammation of a heart valve

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30
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Loss of normal rhythm of heart beat; can be minor or severe depending on how much ability to pump blood is compromised

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31
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood effectively

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32
Q

Bradycardia

A

Abnormally slow resting heart rate

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33
Q

Tachycardia

A

Abnormally rapid resting heart rate

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34
Q

Atrial fibrillation

A

Normal rhythmic contractions of atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching of the muscular heart wall

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35
Q

Ventricular fibrillation

A

Very rapid heartbeat that begins in ventricle; instead of pumping the heart quivers ineffectively

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36
Q

Ventricular tachycardia

A

Very rapid heart beat beginning in ventricles; beating so rapidly blood cannot be efficiently pumped

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37
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

Form of vasculitis that can cause headaches, visual impairment, and jaw pain; diagnosed by presence of abnormally large cells

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38
Q

Aneurism

A

Localized weak spot or balloon-like enlargement of the wall of an artery

39
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency

A

Venous circulation inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage of valves

40
Q

Phlebitis

A

Inflammation of a vein

41
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen veins; valves do not function properly so blood pools in the veins

42
Q

Thrombosis

A

Abnormal condition of having a thrombus

43
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot attached to the interior wall of an artery or vein

44
Q

Thrombotic occlusion

A

Blocking of artery by a thrombus

45
Q

Coronary thrombosis

A

Damage to heart caused by thrombus blocking a coronary artery

46
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Condition of having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein

47
Q

Embolism

A

Sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

48
Q

Embolus

A

Foreign object such as a blood clot, quantity of air or gas, bit of tissue, or tumor circulating in the blood

49
Q

Peripheral artery disease

A

Caused by atherosclerosis; impaired circulation to extremities and vital organs

50
Q

Peripheral vascular disease

A

Disorders of blood vessels usually involve narrowing of vessels that carry blood to legs, arms, stomach, or kidneys

51
Q

Raynaud’s disease

A

Peripheral artery disease in which attacks are triggered by cold or stress; constricted circulation

52
Q

Blood dyscrasia

A

Pathologic condition of cellular elements of the blood

53
Q

Leukopenia

A

Decrease in number of disease-fighting white blood cells circulating in the blood

54
Q

Septicemia

A

Associated with infections caused by bacteria in blood; spiking fever, chills, rapid breathing, rapid heart rate

55
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A

Abnormally small number of platelets circulating in blood

56
Q

Cholesterol

A

Fatty substance travels through blood. Aids in production of cell membranes, hormones, and vitamin D. Obtained by dietary sources and created in liver

57
Q

Myelodysplastic syndrome

A

Bone marrow disorders that are characterized by the insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells due to dysfunction of bone marrow

58
Q

Leukemia

A

Cancer characterized by progressive increase in number of abnormal leukocytes found in blood forming tissues, organs, and circulating blood

59
Q

Anemia

A

Lower than normal number of erythrocytes in blood; severity measured by decrease of hemoglobin

60
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Characterized by an absence of all formed blood elements caused by failure of blood cell production in bone marrow

61
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

Characterized by inadequate number of circulating red blood cells due to premature destruction of red blood cells by the spleen

62
Q

Megaloblastic anemia

A

Red blood cells are larger than normal; results from deficiency of folic acid or vitamin B12

63
Q

Pernicious anemia

A

Caused by lack of protein that helps absorb vitamin B12

64
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Genetic disorder causes some red blood cells to assume a sickle shape

65
Q

Transfusion reaction

A

Patient’s blood and donor blood do not match

66
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure; elevation of arterial blood pressure that causes damage to cardiovascular system

67
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up

68
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Diagnostic procedure; catheter passed through vein/artery into heart; determines how well heart is working

69
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Noninvasive process of recording electrical activity of the myocardium

70
Q

Thallium stress test

A

Injecting thallium into blood stream to evaluate how well blood flows through coronary arteries

71
Q

ACE inhibitor

A

Blocks action of enzyme that causes blood vessels to contract, reduces blood pressure

72
Q

Beta blocker

A

Reduces workload of heart by slowing rate of heartbeat

73
Q

Calcium channel blocker agents

A

Causes heart and blood vessels to relax by decreasing movement of calcium into cells of these structures

74
Q

Diuretic

A

Stimulates kidneys to increase secretion of urine to rid body of excess sodium and water

75
Q

Antiarrhythmic

A

Controls irregularities of heartbeat

76
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Slows coagulation and prevents new clots from forming

77
Q

Thrombolytic

A

Dissolves or causes thrombus to break up

78
Q

Tissue plasminogen activator

A

Thrombolytic administered to patients having heart attack or stroke

79
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Causes blood vessels to narrow

80
Q

Vasodilator

A

Causes blood vessels to expand

81
Q

Angioplasty

A

Mechanically widening an obstructed blood vessel

82
Q

Atherectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque buildup from interior of an artery

83
Q

Carotid endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of lining of a portion of clogged carotid artery leading to brain

84
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft

A

Piece of vein from leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery

85
Q

Defibrillation

A

Use of electric shock to restore heart’s normal rhythm

86
Q

Automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

A

Double action pacemaker

87
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A

Artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression

88
Q

Hemostasis

A

Stop or control bleeding

89
Q

High density lipoprotein

A

Good cholesterol carries unneeded cholesterol back to liver

90
Q

Low density lipoprotein

A

Bad cholesterol contributes to plaque buildup in arteries

91
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Heart is unable to pump out all of the blood it receives; decreased pumping causes congestion in form of fluid buildup

92
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of arteries

93
Q

Pericardium

A

Double layered sac that surrounds the heart

94
Q

Cardiotonic

A

Increases tone of heart

95
Q

Antiplatelet

A

Decreases platelet aggregation

96
Q

Antilipidemic

A

Reduces level of lipids in the serum

Medical Terminology (12 decks)

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